{"product_id":"handbook-of-oil-spill-science-and-technology-isbn-9780470455517","title":"Handbook of Oil Spill Science and Technology","description":"\u003cb\u003eProvides a scientific basis for the cleanup and for the assessment of oil spills\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eEnables Non-scientific officers to understand the science they use on a daily basis\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMulti-disciplinary approach covering fields as diverse as biology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, oceanography and toxicology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers the science of oil spills from risk analysis to cleanup and through the effects on the environment\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes case studies examining and analyzing spills, such as Tasman Spirit oil spill on the Karachi Coast, and provides lessons to prevent these in the future\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eContributors xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthor Biographies xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART I Risk Analysis 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Risk Analysis and Prevention 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eDagmar Schmidt Etkin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Executive Summary 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Oil Spill Risk Analysis 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Overview of Oil Spill Prevention 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART II Oil Properties 37\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Oil Physical Properties: Measurement and Correlation 39\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBruce P. Hollebone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Bulk Properties of Crude Oil and Fuel Products 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Hydrocarbon Groups 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Quality Assurance and Control 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Effects of Evaporative Weathering on Oil Bulk Properties 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART III Oil Composition and Properties 51\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Introduction to Oil Chemistry and Properties 53\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMerv Fingas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 The Composition of Oil 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Properties of Oil 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Vegetable Oil Spills: Oil Properties and Behavior 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMerv Fingas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The Oils 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Historical Spills 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Aquatic Toxicity 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Properties of the Oils 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Behavior in the Environment 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Oxidation Biodegradation and Polymerization 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Spill Countermeasures 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Biofuels 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Conclusions 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART IV Oil Analysis 93\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Chromatographic Fingerprinting Analysis of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eChun Yang, Zhendi Wang, Bruce P. Hollebone ,Carl E. Brown, Zeyu Yang, and Mike Landriault\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Introduction to Oil Analysis Techniques 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Methodology of Oil Fingerprinting Analysis 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Weathering Effect on Oil Chemical Composition 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Diagnostic Ratios of Target Hydrocarbons 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Forensic Oil Spill Identification: A Case Study 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Oil Spill Identification 165\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eJoan Albaigés, Paul G.M. Kienhuis, and Gerhard Dahlmann\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Sampling 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Sample Handling in the Laboratory 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Analysis 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Conclusions 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART V Oil Behavior 205\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Oil and Petroleum Evaporation 207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMerv Fingas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Review of Historical Concepts 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Development of New Diffusion-Regulated Models 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Complexities to the Diffusion-Regulated Model 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Use of Evaporation Equations in Spill Models 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Volatilization 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Measurement of Evaporation 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Summary 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Water-in-Oil Emulsions: Formation and Prediction 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMerv Fingas and Ben Fieldhouse\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Types of Emulsions 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Stability Indices 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Formation of Emulsions 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Modeling the Formation of Water-in-Oil Emulsions 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Conclusions 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Oil Behavior in Ice-Infested Waters 271\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMerv Fingas and Bruce P. Hollebone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Spreading on Ice 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Spreading on or in Snow 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Spreading under Ice 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Spreading on Water with Ice Present 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 The Effect of Gas on Oil-under-Ice Spreading 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Movement through Ice 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Oil in Leads 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Absorption to Snow and Ice 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Containment on Ice 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11 Heating Effect of Oil on the Surface of Ice 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.12 Oil under Multiyear Ice 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.13 Oil in Pack Ice 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14 Growth of Ice on Shorelines and Effect on Oil Retention 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.15 Effect of Oil on Ice Properties 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.16 Concluding Remarks 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART VI Modeling 285\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Introduction to Spill Modeling 287\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMerv Fingas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 An Overview of Weathering 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Evaporation 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Water Uptake and Emulsification 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Natural Dispersion 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Summary of Natural Dispersion 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Other Processes 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Movement of Oil and Oil Spill Modeling 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Spill Modeling 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Oceanographic and Meteorological Effects on Spilled Oil 301\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eC.J. Beegle-Krause and William J. Lehr\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Symbols 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Chapter Scope 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Atmospheric Boundary Layer 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Water Currents 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Waves 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Sea Spray 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Langmuir Cells 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Oil Transport 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Areas of Active Research 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART VII Detection Tracking and Remote Sensing 311\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Oil Spill Remote Sensing 313\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMerv Fingas and Carl E. Brown\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Atmospheric Properties 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Oil Interaction with Light and Electronic Waves 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Visible Indications of Oil 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Optical Sensors 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Laser Fluorosensors 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Microwave Sensors 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Slick Thickness Determination 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Integrated Airborne Sensor Systems 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Satellite Remote Sensing 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11 Oil-Under-Ice Detection 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12 Underwater Detection and Tracking 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.13 Small Remote-Controlled Aircraft 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14 Real-Time Displays and Printers 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.15 Routine Surveillance 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.16 Future Trends 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.17 Recommendations 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Detection Tracking and Remote Sensing: Satellites and Image Processing (Spaceborne Oil Spill Detection) 357\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eKonstantinos Topouzelis, Dario Tarchi, Michele Vespe, Monica Posada, Oliver Muellenhoff and Guido Ferraro\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Oil Spills Detection by Satellite 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 From Research to Operational Services 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Ancillary Data 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Summary and Conclusions 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Detection of Oil in with and under Ice and Snow 385\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMerv Fingas and Carl E. Brown\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Overview of Detection of Oil in or under Ice and Snow 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Detection of Surface Oil with Ice: Conventional Techniques 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Conclusions 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART VIII Oil Spills on Land 395\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Bioremediation of Oil Spills on Land 397\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLisa D. Brown and Ania C. Ulrich\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Brief Overview of Bioremediation Techniques for Land Oil Spills 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Key Organisms Involved in Biodegradation of Oil Spills on Land 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Environmental Factors Affecting Bioremediation 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 In Situ Bioremediation Strategies 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Ex Situ Land Treatment Techniques 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Bioaugmentation Strategies 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Biostimulation Strategies 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Microbe-Assisted Phytoremediation of Petroleum Impacted Soil: A Scientifically Proven Green Technology 407\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eKaren E. Gerhardt, Perry D. Gerwing, Xiao-Dong Huang and Bruce M. Greenberg\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 PGPR-Enhanced Phytoremediation System(s) 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Case Studies of Full-Scale Petroleum Phytoremediation 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Achieving Regulatory Criteria 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Conclusions 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART IX Effects of Oil 429\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Overview of Efforts to Document and Reduce Impacts of Oil Spills on Seabirds 431\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eRoger C. Helm, Harry R. Carter, R. Glenn Ford, D. Michael Fry, Rocío L. Moreno, Carolina Sanpera and Florina S. Tseng\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Vulnerability 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Effect of Oiling on Individual Birds 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Rehabilitation and Veterinary Care 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Estimating Mortality 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Long-Term Impacts 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Restoration 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Overview of Effects of Oil Spills on Marine Mammals 455\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eRoger C. Helm, Daniel P. Costa, Terry D. DeBruyn, Thomas J. O’Shea, Randall S. Wells and Terrie M. Williams\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Sea Otters 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Seals and Sea Lions 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Sea Cows 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Polar Bears 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Whales Dolphins and Porpoises 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Oil Spill Impact and Recovery of Coastal Marsh Vegetation 477\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eQianxin Lin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Toxicity and Impact as a Function of Oil Type and Oil Weathering Degree 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Sensitivity to Oil Varies by Plant Species 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Effects of Oil Exposure Modes on Severity of Oil Impacts 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Effects of Oil Spill Cleanup Procedures on Marsh Recovery 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART X Natural Dispersion 485\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 A Review of Natural Dispersion Models 487\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMerv Fingas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 The Mackay Approach 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 The Audunson Approach 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 The Delvigne Approach 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Residence in the Water Column 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Comparison of the Models 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 Conclusions 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART XI Cold Region Spills 495\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Arctic and Antarctic Spills 497\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eD.M. Filler, Mahlon C. Kennicutt II, I. Snape, Stephen T. Sweet and Andrew G. Klein\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Terrestrial Spills 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Marine Spills 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Policy 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART XII Case Studies 513\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 The Prestige Oil Spill 515\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eJoan Albaigés ,Ana Bernabeu, Sonia Castanedo, Núria Jiménez, Carmen Morales-Caselles, Araceli Puente and Lucía Viñas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Introduction 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 The Ocean and Coastal Dynamics in the NW Iberia and their Influence on the Spill 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Oil Monitoring and Fate 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 The Assessment of Effects 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Environmental Restoration 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Conclusion 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 The Grounding of the Bahía Paraíso Arthur Harbor Antarctica: Distribution and Fate of Oil Spill Related Hydrocarbons 547\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eStephen T. Sweet, Mahlon C. Kennicutt II and Andrew G. Klein\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Introduction and Background 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Environmental Sampling 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Conclusions 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Tasman Spirit Oil Spill at Karachi Coast Pakistan 557\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eHina Ahsan Siddiqi and Alia Bano Munshi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Introduction 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Immediate Response to the Impact: Actions and Remediation 55724.2.1 Oil Recovery and Coast Cleaning 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 The DDWP Project by Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Hydrodynamics and Meteorological Data 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Oil Monitoring and Fate 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6 Effects of Oil Impact at the Community Level 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7 Bioremediation\/Natural Attenuation Processes 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8 Conclusions 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART XIII Appendices 575\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A The Oil Properties Data Appendix 577\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBruce P. Hollebone\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix B Conversions 683\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMerv Fingas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C Ice Nomenclature 685\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMerv Fingas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 689\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eMerv Fingas has 40 years of experience in oil and chemical spill research. He has authored over 850 technical publications and papers including books, manuals and over 500 peer-reviewed papers. He has won over 20 awards for research and papers from the United States Government, Canadian Government and international conferences. Dr.  Fingas has also collaborated on studies with over 25 organizations around the world, coordinated studies for over 30 years through 6 internationally-attended committees and developed co-operative projects with many international groups.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProvides a scientific basis for the cleanup and for the assessment of oil spills\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003eOil spills are a form of pollution caused by the release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment. They commonly occur in the ocean and include materials such as crude oil, refined petroleum, or oily refuse. Spills can take months to years to clean up and without human intervention many contacted plant and animal life die.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eThe Handbook of Oil Spill Science and Technology\u003c\/i\u003e serves both as an authoritative reference for professionals in the field as well as a text book for those entering the field. The book covers the science of oil spills from risk analysis to cleanup and through the effects on the environment. The new approach will be to look only at the science of each aspect of the topic and summarize the newest finding of this topic. This will involve extensive literature review as well as assessment and synthesis. The emphasis will be on scholarly approaches to each topic.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Through contributions from leading experts in diverse fields, the \u003ci\u003eHandbook of Oil Spill Science and Technology\u003c\/i\u003e features:\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eA multi-disciplinary approach covering fields as diverse as biology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, oceanography and toxicology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers the science of oil spills from risk analysis to cleanup and through the effects on the environment\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCase studies examining and analyzing spills, such as Tasman Spirit oil spill on the Karachi Coast, and provides lessons to prevent these in the future\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Topics include the analysis of oil behavior such as evaporation, natural dispersion, and sedimentation. Other topics include the biodegradation and environmental effects of oils spills. Finally since no two spills are alike one needs to learn the lessons of the past. The case studies mentioned above show how some unique spills seem defy the laws of nature.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Merv Fingas has 40 years of experience in oil and chemical spill research. He has authored over 850 technical publications and papers including books, manuals and over 500 peer-reviewed papers. He has won over 20 awards for research and papers from the United States Government, Canadian Government and international conferences. Dr.  Fingas has also collaborated on studies with over 25 organizations around the world, coordinated studies for over 30 years through 6 internationally-attended committees and developed co-operative projects with many international groups.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989337915621,"sku":"NP9780470455517","price":173.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470455517.jpg?v=1761783723","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/handbook-of-oil-spill-science-and-technology-isbn-9780470455517","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}