{"product_id":"glutathione-and-sulfur-amino-acids-in-human-health-and-disease-isbn-9780470170854","title":"Glutathione and Sulfur Amino Acids in Human Health and Disease","description":"\u003cb\u003eThe complex roles of glutathione and sulfur amino acids in human health\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003eGlutathione (γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, GSH) is a major antioxidant acting as a free radical scavenger that protects the cell from reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sulfur amino acids (SAAs), such as methionine and cysteine, play a critical role in the maintenance of health. GSH depletion as well as alterations of SAA metabolism are linked to a host of disease states including liver cirrhosis, various pulmonary diseases, myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, aging, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, sepsis, and others. This book provides researchers with a comprehensive review of the biochemistry, absorption, metabolism, biological activities, disease prevention, and health promotion of glutathione and sulfur amino acids.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe twenty-two chapters explore such topics as:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eChemistry, absorption, transport, and metabolism of GSH and sulfur amino acids\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAntioxidant and detoxification properties of GSH and sulfur amino acids, highlighting the enzymatic systems involved in antioxidant defenses\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eBiological activities of GSH and sulfur amino acids and their role in modulating cell processes\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRole of GSH and sulfur amino acid deficiency and alteration in the onset of diseases and in aging\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProtective effects exerted by GSH and sulfur amino acids when used as drugs, functional foods, and nutraceuticals in humans and animals\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial attention is paid to the molecular mechanisms for the modulation of transcription factors and enzyme activities, as well as the nutritional and therapeutic significance of dietary sulfur amino acids as shown in human and animal models.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith more than 2,000 scientific references, this book provides food scientists, nutritionists, biochemists, food technologists, chemists, molecular biologists, and public health professionals with a comprehensive and up-to-date examination of glutathione and sulfur amino acids in human health and disease.\u003c\/p\u003e  PREFACE.  \u003cp\u003eCONTRIBUTORS.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eI INTRODUCTION.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 GLUTATHIONE AND THE SULFUR-CONTAINING AMINO ACIDS: AN OVERVIEW (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJohn T. Brosnan and Margaret E. Brosnan).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Why Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 S-Adenosylmethionine, Nature’s Wonder Cofactor.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Glutathione.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Taurine—the Second Essential Sulfur-Containing Amino Acid?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eII CHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM OF GSH AND SULFUR AMINO ACIDS.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 SULFUR AMINO ACIDS CONTENTS OF DIETARY PROTEINS: DAILY INTAKE AND REQUIREMENTS (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eCécile Bos, Jean-François Huneau, and Claire Gaudichon).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Sulfur Amino Acids (SAA) Content of Dietary Protein.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Sulfur Amino Acid Intake.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Nutritional Requirement for Total Sulfur Amino Acids.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 CELLULAR COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF GLUTATHIONE (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFederico V. Pallardó, Jelena Markovic, and José Vinã).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Glutathione Content in Cells.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 INTESTINAL METABOLISM OF SULFUR AMINO ACIDS (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNancy Benight, Douglas G. Burrin, and Barbara Stoll).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Isotopic Approaches to Study Metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Evidence of Gut Sulfur Amino Acid Metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Other Key Players in Intestinal Sulfur Amino Acid Metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Cysteine in Redox Function and Oxidant Stress in the Gut.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Pathophysiology of Sulfur Amino Acid Metabolism in the GIT.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 HEPATIC SULFUR AMINO ACID METABOLISM (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKevin L. Schalinske).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Dietary Relation between Methionine and Cysteine.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Metabolic Relation between Hepatic Sulfur Amino Acids, B Vitamins, and Methyl Group Metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Regulation of Sulfur Amino Acid Metabolism and Related Metabolic Pathways in the Liver.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Impact of Physiologic and Nutritional Factors on Sulfur Amino Acid Metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIII ANTIOXIDANT AND DETOXIFICATION ACTIVITIES.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 GLUTATHIONE AND SULFUR CONTAINING AMINO ACIDS: ANTIOXIDANTAND CONJUGATION ACTIVITIES (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNils-Erik Huseby, Elisabeth Sundkvist, and Gunbjørg Svineng).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Glutathione Redox Cycle.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Regulation of GSH and Cysteine Levels.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Biotransformation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 ROS-Mediated Cellular Signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Transcription Regulation of Antioxidant and Conjugation Enzymes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Oxidative Stress and Diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 GLUTAREDOXIN AND THIOREDOXIN ENZYME SYSTEMS: CATALYTIC MECHANISMS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eElizabeth A. Sabens and John J. Mieyal).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 General Characteristics of Glutaredoxins.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 General Characteristics of Thioredoxins.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Glutaredoxin Mechanism of Action.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Thioredoxin Mechanism of Action.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Control of Grx Expression.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Control of Trx Expression in Mammalian Systems.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Cellular Functions of Grx.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Cellular Functions of Trx.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Reversible Sulfhydryl Oxidation and Disease.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 METHIONINE SULFOXIDE REDUCTASES: A PROTECTIVE SYSTEM AGAINST OXIDATIVE DAMAGE (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHerbert Weissbach and Nathan Brot).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 History of the Msr System.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 MsrA and MsrB Protein Structure and Mechanism of Action.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Msr Reducing Requirement.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Other Members of the Msr Family.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 The Msr System: Both a Repair Enzyme and a Scavenger of ROS.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Genetic Studies on the Role of the Msr System in Protecting Cells Against Oxidative Damage.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Evidence that Oxidative Damage is a Major Factor in Aging: Role of Mitochondria and the Msr System.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 How can the Msr System be Utilized for Drug Development?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Methionine Sulfoxide and Disease.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIV BIOACTIVITY OF GSH AND SULFUR AMINO ACIDS AS REGULATORS OF CELLULAR PROCESSES.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 REGULATION OF PROTEIN FUNCTION BY GLUTATHIONYLATION (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePietro Ghezzi and Paolo Di Simplicio).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Glutathione and Redox Regulation in Immunity.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Protein Cysteine Oxidation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Mechanisms for PSSG Formation and the Complex Scenario of Protein Glutathionylation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Deglutathionylation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Identification of Proteins Undergoing Glutathionylation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Functional Consequences of Protein Glutathionylation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Structural Changes Induced by Protein Glutathionylation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 GSH, SULFUR AMINO ACIDS, AND APOPTOSIS (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGiuseppe Filomeni, Katia Aquilano, and Maria Rosa Ciriolo).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Synthesis and Functions of GSH.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Apoptosis: A Programmed Mode to Die.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Role of GSH and Cysteine in Apoptosis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Sulfur Amino Acids in Apoptosis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Concluding Remarks and Recent Progress.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 METHIONINE OXIDATION: IMPLICATION IN PROTEIN REGULATION, AGING, AND AGING-ASSOCIATED DISEASES (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJackob Moskovitz and Derek B. Oien).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 The Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase System.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase and Selenium.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase: A Knockout Mouse as a Model for Neurodegenerative Diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Regulation of Protein Expression\/Function by the Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase System.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 SULFUR AMINO ACIDS, GLUTATHIONE, AND IMMUNE FUNCTION (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRobert Grimble).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 The Biochemistry of Sulfur Amino Acids.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Sulfur Amino Acid and Glutathione Metabolism Following Infection and Injury.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Glutathione and the Immune System.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Mechanism of the Effect of Oxidants and Antioxidants on Inflammation and Immune Function.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Strategies for Modulating Tissue Glutathione Content and Influencing Immune Function.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Taurine and Immune Function.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eV GSH AND SULFUR AMINO ACIDS IN PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 SULFUR AMINO ACID DEFICIENCY AND TOXICITY: RESEARCH WITH ANIMAL MODELS (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid H. Baker and Ryan N. Dilger).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Sulfur Amino Acid Deficiency.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Sulfur Amino Acid Toxicity.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 HUMAN PATHOLOGIES AND ABERRANT SULFUR METABOLISM (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDanyelle M. Townsend, Haim Tapiero, and Kenneth D. Tew).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Methionine and Cysteine.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Defects in the Transulfuration Pathway.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Inherited Defects in Membrane Transport.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Pathologies Associated with Folic Acid Metabolizing Enzymes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Heterogeneity of GSH Metabolizing Enzymes and Associated Human Pathologies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 INBORN ERRORS OF GSH METABOLISM (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ellinor Ristoff).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Definitions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 The \u003ci\u003ey\u003c\/i\u003e-Glutamyl Cycle.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Inborn Errors in the Metabolism of GSH.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Animal Models.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM AND PATHOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS: THE HOMOCYSTEINE THIOLACTONE HYPOTHESIS OF VASCULAR DISEASE (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHieronim Jakubowski).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 An Overview of Hcy Metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Toxicity of Hcy and Its Metabolites.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Physical-Chemical Properties of Hcy-Thiolactone.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 The Mechanism of Hcy-Thiolactone Biosynthesis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Structural and Functional Consequences of Protein Modification by Hcy-Thiolactone.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 The Hcy-Thiolactone Hypothesis of Vascular Disease.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Pathophysiologic Consequences of Protein N-Homocysteinylation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Urinary Elimination of Hcy-Thiolactone.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.10 Enzymatic Elimination of Hcy-Thiolactone.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.11 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 HOMOCYSTEINE AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJayanta R. Das and Sanjay Kaul).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Homocysteine Metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Homocysteine Forms In Vivo.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Homocysteine Measurement.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Causes of Hyperhomocysteinemia.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Therapeutic Options for Lowering Elevated Homocysteine.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Epidemiologic Evidence Linking Homocysteine and Atherothrombotic Vascular Disease.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.8 Homocysteine and Atherothrombosis: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.9 Impact of Homocysteine-Lowering Therapy on Atherothrombotic Vascular Disease.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.10 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 HOMOCYSTEINE AND NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRodica E. Petrea and Sudha Seshadri).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 What is an \"Abnormal\" Plasma Homocysteine Level in Clinical Studies of Neurological Disease?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Elevated Plasma Homocysteine and the Risk of Carotid Atherosclerosis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Hyperhomocysteinemia and the Risk of Stroke.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Elevated Plasma Homocysteine Levels are Associated with the Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Parkinson’s Disease.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Epilepsy.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9 Acknowledgments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 GLUTATHIONE, SULFUR AMINO ACIDS, AND CANCER (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJosé M. Estrela, Julian Carretero, and Angel Ortega).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Carcinogenesis, Tumor Growth, and Cell Death.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Intercellular and Interorgan Transport of GSH in Tumor-Bearing Mammals.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 GSH and the Interaction of Metastatic Cells with the Vascular Endothelium.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Adaptive Response in Invasive Cells.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 GSH Depletion and the Sensitization of Cancer Cells to Therapy.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVI GSH AND SULFUR AMINO ACIDS AS DRUGS AND NUTRACEUTICALS.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 GSH, GSH DERIVATIVES, AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnna Teresa Palamara, Lucia Nencioni, Rossella Sgarbanti, and Enrico Garaci).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Intracellular GSH Status during Viral Infection.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Mechanism of Virus-Induced GSH Depletion.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Role of Constitutive GSH Levels in Controlling Cell Susceptibility to Viral Infection.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Effect of Intracellular GSH Depletion on Viral Replication.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Effect of Exogenous GSH and GSH Derivatives on Viral Replication.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 In Vivo Effects of Systemic and Topic GSH Administration.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 N-ACETYL CYSTEINE AND CYTOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS AGAINST BRONCHOPULMONARY DAMAGE: FROM IN VITRO STUDIES TO CLINICAL APPLICATION (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRichard Dekhuijzen).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Oxidative Stress in COPD.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Pharmacology of N-Acetylcysteine.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Pulmonary Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Nonpulmonary Effects.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Clinical Efficacy of N-Acetylcysteine in COPD.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.7 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.8 Other Disorders.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.9 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 TAURINE AS DRUG AND FUNCTIONAL FOOD COMPONENT (\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRamesh C. Gupta, Massimo D’Archivio, and Roberta Masella).\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Introduction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 The Unique Character of Taurine: Basis for Distinguished Behavior.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Functional Properties of Taurine.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Taurine Deficiency.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Taurine Concentration in Fetal Development and Neonatal Growth.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Beneficial Actions of Taurine.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7 Taurine and Diabetes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.8 Taurine and the Cardiovascular System.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.9 Taurine and Endothelial Dysfunction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.10 Taurine and Lung Dysfunction.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.11 Taurine and the Kidney.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.12 Retinal Protection.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.13 Anticancer Activity of Taurine.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.14 Taurine in Bone Tissue Formation and Inhibition of Bone Loss.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.15 Taurine and Smoking.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.16 Taurine as an Antialcohol Molecule.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.17 Taurine as Functional Food and Supplement.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.18 Conclusions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSUBJECT INDEX.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cb\u003eRoberta Masella\u003c\/b\u003e works as Head of the Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, at Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS). She was previously head of the Gastroenterology Unit in the Laboratory of Metabolism and Pathological Biochemistry at ISS. She is the author of nearly 100 peer-reviewed publications, as well as seventy presentations at international congresses.  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGiuseppe (Joe) Mazza\u003c\/b\u003e is the Principal Food and Bioscience Research Scientist at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, and an adjunct professor in food science and nutrition at the Universities of Manitoba and British Columbia. A prolific author and editor of over 200 journal articles and twelve books, he is on the editorial boards of World of Food Science, Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, Italian Journal of Food Science, and Journal of Functional Foods.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cb\u003eThe complex roles of glutathione and sulfur amino acids in human health\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003eGlutathione (γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, GSH) is a major antioxidant acting as a free radical scavenger that protects the cell from reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sulfur amino acids (SAAs), such as methionine and cysteine, play a critical role in the maintenance of health. GSH depletion as well as alterations of SAA metabolism are linked to a host of disease states including liver cirrhosis, various pulmonary diseases, myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, aging, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, sepsis, and others. This book provides researchers with a comprehensive review of the biochemistry, absorption, metabolism, biological activities, disease prevention, and health promotion of glutathione and sulfur amino acids.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe twenty-two chapters explore such topics as:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eChemistry, absorption, transport, and metabolism of GSH and sulfur amino acids\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAntioxidant and detoxification properties of GSH and sulfur amino acids, highlighting the enzymatic systems involved in antioxidant defenses\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eBiological activities of GSH and sulfur amino acids and their role in modulating cell processes\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRole of GSH and sulfur amino acid deficiency and alteration in the onset of diseases and in aging\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProtective effects exerted by GSH and sulfur amino acids when used as drugs, functional foods, and nutraceuticals in humans and animals\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial attention is paid to the molecular mechanisms for the modulation of transcription factors and enzyme activities, as well as the nutritional and therapeutic significance of dietary sulfur amino acids as shown in human and animal models.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith more than 2,000 scientific references, this book provides food scientists, nutritionists, biochemists, food technologists, chemists, molecular biologists, and public health professionals with a comprehensive and up-to-date examination of glutathione and sulfur amino acids in human health and disease.\u003c\/p\u003e  \"The book is a valuable resource material for those who have an interest, either professionally or scientifically, in all kinds of disorders in the human body caused by deficiency of glutathione and sulfur amino acids.  \u003cp\u003eThe chapters are very well organized, which gives a direct and well presented answer to those who need any information on specific topics. In addition to that, the whole text displays scientific references in a way, which is easy to understand, even to those who do not have scientific background in this field.\"\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e--Prof. Vlasta Pili?ota, Ph.D., Faculty of Food Technology University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Croatia\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989300756709,"sku":"NP9780470170854","price":210.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470170854.jpg?v=1761783577","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/glutathione-and-sulfur-amino-acids-in-human-health-and-disease-isbn-9780470170854","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}