{"product_id":"glass-ceramic-technology-isbn-9781119423690","title":"Glass-Ceramic Technology","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn updated edition of the essential guide to the technology of glass-ceramic technology\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlass-ceramic materials share many properties with both glass and more traditional crystalline ceramics. The revised third edition of \u003ci\u003eGlass-Ceramic Technology\u003c\/i\u003e offers a comprehensive and updated guide to the various types of glass-ceramic materials, the methods of development, and the myriad applications for glass-ceramics. Written in an easy-to-use format, the book includes an explanation of the new generation of glass-ceramics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe updated third edition explores glass-ceramics new materials and properties and reviews the expanding regions for applying these materials. The new edition contains current information on glass\/glass-ceramic forming in general and explores specific systems, crystallization mechanisms and products such as: ion exchange strengthening of glass-ceramics, glass-ceramics for mobile phones, new glass-ceramics for energy, and new glass-ceramics for optical and architectural application. It also contains a new section on dental materials and twofold controlled crystallization. This revised guide:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eOffers an important new section on glass\/glass ceramic forming\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes the fundamentals and the application of nanotechnology as related to glass-ceramic technology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eReviews the development of the various types of glass-ceramic materials\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers information on new glass-ceramics with new materials and properties and outlines the opportunities for applying these materials\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten for ceramic and materials engineers, managers, and designers in the ceramic and glass industry, the third edition of \u003ci\u003eGlass-Ceramic Technology \u003c\/i\u003efeatures new sections on Glass\/Glass-Ceramic Forming and new Glass-Ceramics as well as expanded sections on dental materials and twofold controlled crystallization.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to the Third Edition xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Principles of Designing Glass-Ceramic Formation 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Advantages of Glass-Ceramic Formation 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Processing Properties 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2 Thermal Properties 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.3 Optical Properties 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.4 Chemical Properties 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.5 Biological Properties 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.6 Mechanical Properties 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.7 Electrical and Magnetic Properties 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Factors of Design 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Crystal Structures and Mineral Properties 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Crystalline Silicates 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1.1 Nesosilicates 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1.2 Sorosilicates 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1.3 Cyclosilicates 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1.4 Inosilicates 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1.5 Phyllosilicates 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1.6 Tectosilicates 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Phosphates 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2.1 Apatite 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2.2 Orthophosphates and Diphosphates 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2.3 Metaphosphates 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Oxides 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3.1 TiO\u003csub\u003e2 \u003c\/sub\u003e32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3.2 ZrO\u003csub\u003e2 \u003c\/sub\u003e32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3.3 MgAl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4 \u003c\/sub\u003e(Spinel) 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Nucleation 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Homogeneous Nucleation 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Heterogeneous Nucleation 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Kinetics of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nucleation 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Limits of the Classical Nucleation and Crystallization Theory (CNT) and New Approaches 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Examples of Applying the Nucleation Theory in the Development of Glass-Ceramics 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5.1 Internal (Volume) Nucleation 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5.2 Surface Nucleation 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5.3 Temperature–Time-Transformation Diagrams 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Crystal Growth 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Primary Growth 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Anisotropic Growth 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.3 Surface Growth 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.4 Dendritic and Spherulitic Crystallization 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.4.1 Phenomenology 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.4.2 Dendritic and Spherulitic Crystallization Applications 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.5 Secondary Grain Growth 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Composition Systems for Glass-Ceramics 67\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Alkaline and Alkaline Earth Silicates 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Li\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO (Lithium Disilicate) 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1.1 Stoichiometric Composition 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1.2 Nonstoichiometric Multicomponent Compositions 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–BaO (Sanbornite) 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2.1 Stoichiometric Barium Disilicate 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2.2 Multicomponent Glass-Ceramics 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Aluminosilicates 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e (Mullite) 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–Li\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO (β-Quartz Solid Solution, β-Spodumene Solid Solution) 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.1 β-Quartz Solid Solution Glass-Ceramics 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.2 β-Spodumene Solid Solution Glass-Ceramics 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO (Nepheline) 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–Cs\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO (Pollucite) 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–MgO (Cordierite, Enstatite, Forsterite) 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5.1 Cordierite Glass-Ceramics 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5.2 Enstatite Glass-Ceramics 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5.3 Forsterite Glass-Ceramics 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–CaO (Wollastonite) 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.7 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–ZnO (Zn-Stuffed β-Quartz, Willemite-Zincite) 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.7.1 Zinc-Stuffed β-Quartz Glass-Ceramics 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.7.2 Willemite and Zincite Glass-Ceramics 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.8 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–ZnO–MgO (Spinel, Gahnite) 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.8.1 Spinel Glass-Ceramic without β-Quartz 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.8.2 β-Quartz-Spinel Glass-Ceramics 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.9 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–CaO (Slag Sital) 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.10 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO (Leucite) 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.11 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Ga\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–Li\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO (Li–Al–Gallate Spinel) 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.12 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–SrO–BaO (Sr–Feldspar–Celsian) 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Fluorosilicates 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–(R\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c\/sup\u003e)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–MgO–(R\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c\/sup\u003e)O–(R\u003csup\u003e+\u003c\/sup\u003e)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–F (Mica) 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.1 Alkaline Phlogopite Glass-Ceramics 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.2 Alkali-Free Phlogopite Glass-Ceramics 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1.3 Tetrasilicic Mica Glass-Ceramic 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 SiO2–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–MgO–CaO–ZrO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–F (Mica, Zirconia) 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–CaO–R\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–F (Canasite) 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–MgO–CaO–(R\u003csup\u003e+\u003c\/sup\u003e)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–F (Amphibole) 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Silicophosphates 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–CaO–Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e (Apatite) 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–MgO–CaO–P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e–F (Apatite,Wollastonite) 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–MgO–Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–CaO–P2O5 (Apatite) 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–MgO–CaO–Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e–F (Mica, Apatite) 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.5 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–MgO–CaO–TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5 \u003c\/sub\u003e(Apatite, Magnesium Titanate) 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.6 SiO2–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–CaO–Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e–F (Needlelike Apatite) 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.6.1 Formation of Needlelike Apatite as a Parallel Reaction to Rhenanite 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.6.2 Formation of Needlelike Apatite from Disordered Spherical Fluoroapatite 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.7 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–CaO–Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO5–F\/Y\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e, B\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e (Apatite and Leucite) 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.7.1 Fluoroapatite and Leucite 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.7.2 Silicate Oxyapatite and Leucite 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.8 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–CaO–Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e–F (Rhenanite) 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Iron Silicates 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Fe\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–CaO 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–FeO–Fe\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO (Mica, Ferrite) 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–Fe\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–(R+)2O–(R\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c\/sup\u003e)O (Basalt) 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Phosphates 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e–CaO (Metaphosphates) 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e–CaO–TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e–Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–BaO and P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e–TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–WO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3.1 P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e–Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–BaO System 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3.2 P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–WO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e System 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.4 P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–CaO (Apatite) 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.5 P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e–B\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–SiO\u003csub\u003e2 \u003c\/sub\u003e169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.6 P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e–SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Li\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–ZrO\u003csub\u003e2 \u003c\/sub\u003e170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.6.1 Glass-Ceramics Containing 16 wt% ZrO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.6.2 Glass-Ceramics Containing 20 wt% ZrO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.7 P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e–FeO–Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO (Pyrophosphate) 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Ion Exchange in Glass-Ceramics 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Rare Earth-Doped Light-Transmitting Glass-Ceramics 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.1 Ce:YAG Glass-Ceramics for White LEDs 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.2 Eu, Dy:SrAl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4 \u003c\/sub\u003eTransparent Glass-Ceramics with Long Phosphorescence and High Brightness 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.3 Eu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c\/sup\u003e-Activated β-Ca\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eSiO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e and Ca\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eSi\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c\/sub\u003e Green and Red Phosphors for White LEDs 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.4 Transparent (Er,Yb)NbO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e-β-Quartz Solid Solution Glass-Ceramics 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Extension of Glass-Ceramic Systems Developed on the Basis of Multifold Nucleation and Crystallization Mechanisms 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1 Sr-apatite–Leucite\/Pollucite\/Rb-leucite 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1.1 Internal Nucleation and Crystallization 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.1.2 Internal Mechanisms Combined with Surface Nucleation and Crystallization 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.2 Lithium Disilicate–Apatite Glass-Ceramic 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.3 Lithium Disilicate and Cesium Aluminosilicate Glass-Ceramics 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.4 Lithium Disilicate-Diopside\/Wollastonite Glass-Ceramic 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.5 Lithium Disilicate-Niobate\/Tantalate Glass-Ceramic 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.6 Quartz-Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9.7 Transparent Glass-Ceramics Based on Lithium Disilicate and Petalite 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Other Systems 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1 Perovskite-Type Glass-Ceramics 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1.1 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Nb\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e–Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–(BaO) 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1.2 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–PbO 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1.3 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO3–K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–Ta\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e–Nb\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.2 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–B\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–La\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3 \u003c\/sub\u003eSystem 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.3 Transparent and Highly Crystalline BaAl\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c\/sub\u003e Glass-Ceramics 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.4 Chalcogenide Glass-Ceramics 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.5 Ilmenite-Type (SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–Li\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO–Ta\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e) Glass-Ceramics 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.6 B\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–BaFe\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e19 \u003c\/sub\u003e(Barium Hexaferrite) or (BaFe\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e15\u003c\/sub\u003e) Barium Ferrite 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.7 SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e–Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–BaO–TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e (Barium Titanate) 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.8 Bi\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e–SrO–CaO–CuO 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Microstructure Control 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Solid State Reactions 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Isochemical Phase Transformation 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Reactions Between Phases 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Exsolution 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.4 Use of Phase Diagrams to Predict Glass-Ceramic Assemblages 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Microstructure Design 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Nanocrystalline Microstructures 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Cellular Membrane Microstructures 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Coast-and-Island Microstructure 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Dendritic Microstructures 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Relict Microstructures 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6 House-of-Cards Microstructures 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6.1 Nucleation Reactions 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6.2 Primary Crystal Formation and Mica Precipitation 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.7 Cabbage-Head Microstructures 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.8 Acicular Interlocking Microstructures 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.9 Lamellar Twinned Microstructures 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.10 Preferred Crystal Orientation 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.11 Crystal Network Microstructures 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.12 Nature as an Example 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.13 Nanocrystals 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Control of Key Properties 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 General 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Multifold Nucleation and Crystallization 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.1 Control of Mechanical and Thermal Properties 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.2 Control of Optical and Thermal Properties 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.3 Control of Mechanical and Optical Properties 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.4 Control of Mechanical and Magnetic Properties 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2.5 Control of Biological and Mechanical Properties 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Methods and Measurements 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Chemical System and Crystalline Phases 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Determination of Crystal Phases 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Kinetic Process of Crystal Formation 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Determination of Microstructure 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Mechanical, Optical, Electrical, Chemical, and Biological Properties 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5.1 Optical Properties and Chemical Composition of Glass-Ceramics 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5.2 Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Glass-Ceramics 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5.3 Electrical Properties 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5.4 Chemical Properties 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5.5 Biological Properties 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Applications of Glass-Ceramics 259\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Technical Applications 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Radomes 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Photosensitive and Etched Patterned Materials 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2.1 Fotoform\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003eand Fotoceram\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003e 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2.2 Foturan\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003e 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2.3 Additional Products 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Machinable Glass-Ceramics 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3.1 MACOR\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003eand DICOR\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003e 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3.2 Vitronit\u003csup\u003eTM\u003c\/sup\u003e 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3.3 Photoveel\u003csup\u003eTM\u003c\/sup\u003e 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4 Magnetic Memory Disk Substrates 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.5 Liquid Crystal Displays 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Consumer Applications 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 β-Spodumene Solid-Solution Glass-Ceramic 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 β-Quartz Solid-Solution Glass-Ceramic 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Optical Applications 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Telescope Mirrors 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.1 Requirements for Their Development 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1.2 Zerodur\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003e Glass-Ceramics 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Integrated Lens Arrays 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Applications for Luminescent Glass-Ceramics 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.1 Cr-Doped Mullite for Solar Concentrators 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.2 Cr-Doped Gahnite Spinel for Tunable Lasers and Optical Memory Media 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.3 Rare-Earth Doped Oxyfluorides for Amplification, Upconversion, and Quantum Cutting 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.4 Chromium (Cr\u003csup\u003e4+\u003c\/sup\u003e)-Doped Forsterite, β-Willemite, and Other Orthosilicates for Broad Wavelength Amplification 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.5 Ni\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c\/sup\u003e-Doped Gallate Spinel for Amplification and Broadband Infrared Sources 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3.6 YAG Glass-Ceramic Phosphor for White LED 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Optical Components 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4.1 Glass-Ceramics for Fiber Bragg Grating Athermalization 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4.2 Laser-Induced Crystallization for Optical Gratings andWaveguides 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4.3 Glass-Ceramic Ferrule for Optical Connectors 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4.4 Applications for Transparent ZnO Glass-Ceramics with Controlled Infrared Absorbance and Microwave Susceptibility 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Medical and Dental Glass-Ceramics 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Glass-Ceramics for Medical Applications 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1.1 CERABONE\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003e 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1.2 CERAVITAL\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003e 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1.3 BIOVERIT\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003e 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Glass-Ceramics for Dental Restoration 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.1 Moldable Glass-Ceramics for Metal-Free Dental Restorations 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.2 Machinable Glass-Ceramics 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.3 Fusion of Glass-Ceramics on High Toughness Sintered Ceramics 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.4 Leucite-Apatite Glass-ceramic on Metal Frameworks and Metal-Free Restorations 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Electrical and Electronic Applications 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Insulators 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Electronic Packaging 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.1 Requirements for Their Development 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.2 Properties and Processing 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2.3 Applications 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Dielectric Glass-Ceramics for GHz Electronics 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Architectural Applications 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Coatings and Solders 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Glass-Ceramics for Energy Applications 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1 Glass-Ceramic Components for Batteries 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1.1 Glass-Ceramics as Cathodes for Lithium or Sodium Ion Batteries and Glass as Anodes 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1.2 Electrolytes 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2 Joining Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Components 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Application of Glass-Ceramic Principle to Functional Materials 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Forming Processes for Glass-Ceramics 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.1 Pressing 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.2 Casting 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.3 Spinning (Centrifugal Casting) 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.4 Rolling 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.5 Float Process 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.6 Direct Forming or Reforming of Glass-Ceramics 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Future Directions 358\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A: Twenty-one Figures of 23 Crystal Structures 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 415\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWOLFRAM HÖLAND\u003c\/b\u003e is retired from Ivoclar Vivadent AG (Liechtenstein) since 2016 but he is a consultant for this company. In 2018, he finished his activity as a Lecturer at the Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) in Zürich, Switzerland. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGEORGE H. BEALL, P\u003csmall\u003eH\u003c\/small\u003eD,\u003c\/b\u003e is a Corporate Fellow, retired, in the Science and Technology Division of Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York. He is a Distinguished Life Member of the American Ceramic Society. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBetween them, Drs. Höland and Beall hold over 200 US patents, over 200 publications, and 10 textbooks.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn updated edition of the essential guide to the technology of glass-ceramic technology\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGlass-ceramic materials share many properties with both glass and more traditional crystalline ceramics. The revised third edition of \u003ci\u003eGlass-Ceramic Technology\u003c\/i\u003e offers a comprehensive and updated guide to the various types of glass-ceramic materials, the methods of development, and the myriad applications for glass-ceramics. Written in an easy-to-use format, the book includes an explanation of the new generation of glass-ceramics. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe updated third edition explores glass-ceramics new materials and properties and reviews the expanding regions for applying these materials. The new edition contains current information on glass\/glass-ceramic forming in general and explores specific systems, crystallization mechanisms and products such as: ion exchange strengthening of glass-ceramics, glass-ceramics for mobile phones, new glass-ceramics for energy, and new glass-ceramics for optical and architectural application. It also contains a new section on dental materials and twofold controlled crystallization. This revised guide: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eOffers an important new section on glass\/glass ceramic forming\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes the fundamentals and the application of nanotechnology as related to glass-ceramic technology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eReviews the development of the various types of glass-ceramic materials\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers information on new glass-ceramics with new materials and properties and outlines the opportunities for applying these materials\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten for students, young scientists, ceramic and materials engineers, managers, and designers in the ceramic and glass industry, the third edition of \u003ci\u003eGlass-Ceramic Technology\u003c\/i\u003e features new sections on Glass\/Glass-Ceramic Forming and new Glass-Ceramics as well as expanded sections on dental materials and twofold controlled crystallization.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-American Ceramic Society","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989291843813,"sku":"NP9781119423690","price":204.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119423690.jpg?v=1761783544","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/glass-ceramic-technology-isbn-9781119423690","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}