{"product_id":"geographic-information-science-and-systems-isbn-9781118676950","title":"Geographic Information Science and Systems","description":"\u003cp\u003eEffective use of today’s powerful GIS technology requires an understanding of the science of problem-solving that underpins it. Since the first edition published over a decade ago, this book has led the way, with its focus on the scientific principles that support GIS usage. It has also provided thorough, upto- date coverage of GIS procedures, techniques and public policy applications. This unique combination of science, technology and practical problem solving has made this book a best-seller across a broad spectrum of disciplines. This fully updated 4th edition continues to deliver on these strengths.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFOREWORD x\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDEDICATION xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePREFACE xii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLIST OF ACRONYMS xiv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Geographic Information: Science, Systems, and Society 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction: What Are GI Science and Systems, and Why Do They Matter? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Data, Information, Evidence, Knowledge, and Wisdom 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 GI Science and Systems 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 The Technology of Problem Solving 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 The Disciplinary Setting of GI Science and Systems (GISS) 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 GI Science and Spatial Thinking 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 GI Systems and Science in Society 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 Principles\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The Nature of Geographic Data 33\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 The Fundamental Problem 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Spatial Autocorrelation and Scale 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Spatial Sampling 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Sampling and VGI 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Distance Decay 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Measuring Distance Effects as Spatial Autocorrelation 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Taming Geographic Monsters 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Induction and Deduction and How It All Comes Together 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Representing Geography 55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Digital Representation 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Representation of What and for Whom? 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 The Fundamental Problem 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Discrete Objects and Continuous Fields 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Rasters and Vectors 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 The Paper Map 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Generalization 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Conclusion 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Georeferencing 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Place-Names and Points of Interest 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Postal Addresses and Postal Codes 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 IP Addresses 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Linear Referencing Systems 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Cadasters and the U.S. Public Land Survey System 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Measuring the Earth: Latitude and Longitude 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Projections and Coordinates 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Measuring Latitude, Longitude, and Elevation: GPS 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Converting Georeferences 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Geotagging and Mashups 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Georegistration 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13 Summary 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Uncertainty 99\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 U1: Uncertainty in the Conception of Geographic Phenomena 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 U2: Further Uncertainty in the Representation of Geographic Phenomena 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 U3: Further Uncertainty in the Analysis of Geographic Phenomena 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Consolidation 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 Techniques\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 GI System Software 128\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 The Evolution of GI System Software 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Architecture of GI System Software 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Building GI Software Systems 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 GI Software Vendors 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Types of GI Systems 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Conclusion 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Geographic Data Modeling 152\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 GI Data Models 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Example of a Water-Facility Object Data Model 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Geographic Data Modeling in Practice 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Data Collection 173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Primary Geographic Data Capture 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Secondary Geographic Data Capture 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Obtaining Data from External Sources (Data Transfer) 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Capturing Attribute Data 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Citizen-Centric Web-Based Data Collection 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Managing a Data Collection Project 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Creating and Maintaining Geographic Databases 194\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Database Management Systems 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Storing Data in DBMS Tables 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 SQL 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Geographic Database Types and Functions 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Geographic Database Design 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Structuring Geographic Information 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Editing and Data Maintenance 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Multiuser Editing of Continuous Databases 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Conclusion 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 The GeoWeb 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Distributing the Data 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The Mobile User 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Distributing the Software: GI Services 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Prospects 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Cartography and Map Production 237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Maps and Cartography 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Principles of Map Design 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Map Series 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Applications 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Conclusion 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Geovisualization 266\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction: Uses, Users, Messages, and Media 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Geovisualization, Spatial Query, and User Interaction 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Geovisualization and Transformation 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Participation, Interaction, Augmentation, and Dynamic Representation 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Consolidation 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Spatial Data Analysis 290\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction: What Is Spatial Analysis? 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Analysis Based on Location 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Analysis Based on Distance 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Conclusion 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Spatial Analysis and Inference 319\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 The Purpose of Area-Based Analyses 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Centrality 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Analysis of Surfaces 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Design 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Hypothesis Testing 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Conclusion 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Spatial Modeling with GI Systems 339\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Types of Models 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Technology for Modeling 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Multicriteria Methods 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Accuracy and Validity: Testing the Model 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Conclusion 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 Policy, Management, and Action\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Managing GI Systems 358\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Managing Risk 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 The Case for the GI System: ROI 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 The Process of Developing a Sustainable GI System 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Sustaining a GI System—The People and Their Competences 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Conclusions 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Information and Decision Making 381\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Why We Need Information 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Information as Infrastructure 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Different Forms of GI 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Open Data and Open Government 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Example of an Information Infrastructure: The Military 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Conclusions 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Navigating the Risks 411\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Clashes Between Scientists and the Judiciary 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Business Models for GI-Related Enterprises 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Legal and Regulatory Constraints 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Privacy and GI Systems 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Public Trust, Ethics, and Coping with the Media 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Partnerships, Up-Scaling Activities, and Risk Mitigation 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Coping with Spatial Stupidity 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 Conclusions 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for Further Study 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Epilog: GISS in the Service of Humanity 435\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 GISS, the Active Citizen, and Citizen Scientists 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Context: Our Differentiated World 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Context: Our Interdependent World 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 The Process 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 The Grand Challenges 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Grand Challenges Whose Effects We Can Help to Ameliorate 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Conclusions 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions For Further Study 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eINDEX 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProfessor Paul Longley\u003c\/b\u003e, Department of Geography, University College London, UK.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProfessor Mike Goodchild\u003c\/b\u003e, Department of Geography, University of California Santa Barbara, USA.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProfessor David Maguire\u003c\/b\u003e, ESRI, Redlands, USA.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProfessor David Rhind\u003c\/b\u003e, Vice Chancellor and Principle, City University, London, UK.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989281128677,"sku":"NP9781118676950","price":150.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118676950.jpg?v=1761783501","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/geographic-information-science-and-systems-isbn-9781118676950","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}