{"product_id":"gastrointestinal-nematodes-of-sheep-and-cattle-isbn-9781405185820","title":"Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep and Cattle","description":"A unique resource for all those interested in the impact of worms on livestock, the anthelmintics used to get rid of them and the emerging problem of anthelmintic resistance.  This book provides an over-arching view of past, present and suggested future strategies for control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in sheep and cattle.  \u003cp\u003eThe book begins with descriptions of the biology of gastrointestinal nematodes, the harm they cause to the host and their economic impact.  The main body of the book deals with the control of worms, focusing on the use of anthelmintic drenches. The relationship between drenching practices and the development of drug resistance is discussed, as well as resistance management. The authors also break new ground by discussing alternative options for worm control, including: nutritional interventions, biological control, breeding for desirable genetics and artificially improving immunity to infection. They also offer useful recommendations for program development.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Nematode parasites 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe nematodes 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe important nematode genera and species parasitizing ruminant livestock 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbomasal genera 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmall intestinal genera 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLarge intestinal genera 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNematode evolution 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe transition to parasitism 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNematode biology 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNematode genetics 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNematode physiology 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe dauer larva 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnhydrobiosis 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe nematode life cycle 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNiches occupied by parasitic nematodes within the vertebrate host 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe lifespan of parasitic nematodes 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Pathophysiology of nematode infections 33\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAre parasites always harmful? 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefi ning ‘harm’ 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe abomasum 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe small intestine 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe large intestine 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe impact of parasites on overall gut function 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects beyond the gut 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing ruminants 61\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcology of GINs – pasture 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEgg to L3 development 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of host 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurvival of L3 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranslation of infective larvae 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrazing behaviour and the avoidance of parasites 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatterns of infection 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverdispersion of parasites 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpidemiology of ‘parasitism’ 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn increase in the infective mass 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlteration in the susceptibility of stock 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArrested development and hypobiosis 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction of susceptible stock onto an infected area 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsuffi cient age-related immunity 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe introduction of infected stock to a clean environment 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpidemiology of cattle parasites 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation biology in the parasitic phase 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSheep parasites 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCattle parasites 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 The principles of gastrointestinal nematode control 83\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl of parasites with anthelmintic drenches 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrench programmes 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrategic drenching programmes 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciples of worm control in cattle 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl of GIN by grazing management 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternate\/mixed grazing with different host species or stock classes 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResistance to treatment 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Anthelmintics 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat are anthelmintics? 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow effective does an anthelmintic have to be? 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhich species does an anthelmintic against GIN need to remove? 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescription, effi cacy, profi le and mode of action of anthelmintic families 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombination of anthelmintic treatments 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModifying the delivery of anthelmintics 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParenteral administration 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControlled release of anthelmintics 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInjectable formulations 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Anthelmintic resistance 117\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolution of anthelmintic resistance 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorldwide occurrence of anthelmintic resistance 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResistance to one or more active families by one or more species 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpact of resistance on productivity 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanisms of resistance 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInheritance of resistance 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetection of resistance 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Drenching and resistance 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency of treatment 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnder-dosing 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersistent anthelmintics 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy use persistent drenches? 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe provision of safe pasture and resistance 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersistence and effi cacy 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherapeutic effi cacy and resistance – ‘head selection’ 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProphylactic effi cacy and resistance – ‘tail selection’ 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeads or tails? 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersistent activity, immunity and resistance 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersistent activity, density dependence and resistance 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrench rotation 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControlling resistance by drench rotation 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrench rotation within seasons 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModelling drench rotation 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombination anthelmintics 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemoving resistant worm burdens 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffi cacy of single actives vs. combinations 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe odds are against multiple mutations 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResistance is already present to one or more constituent active 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Worm control and resistance management 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is refugia? 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy do we need refugia? 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to produce and utilise refugia 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImportation of resistant parasites 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA twin approach to worm control and resistance management – utilising refugia and combination drenches 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 ‘Non-chemical’ control options 163\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnthelmintic plants 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlant material 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlant extracts 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePSM as anthelmintics 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForage legumes 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractical applicability on-farm 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther anthelmintic plants 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicro-predacious fungi 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHomoeopathy 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Nutrition and parasitism 177\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetabolic cost of parasitism 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetabolic cost of infection 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetabolic costs of immunity 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParasites and nutrition: a nutrient utilisation framework 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupplementation for increased resilience to parasites 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupplementation for increased resistance to parasites 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReproducing animals 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUndernutrition and parasitism 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicronutrients and parasitism 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImproving nutrient availability 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForage plants and parasitism 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupplementation and immunity: increasing or enabling? 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Animal genetics and parasitism 195\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInter-species variability 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInter-breed variability 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntra-breed variability 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResistance vs. productivity 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResilience 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePasture contamination, resistance and resilience 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarkers for resistance and resilience 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhenotypic markers 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenotypic markers 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetics, worm control and resistance management 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 The immune response to parasites 211\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolution of the host–parasite relationship 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmunity and GIN population dynamics 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe immune phenotype 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmunological unresponsiveness 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponents of host responses to GI parasites 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdaptive immune responses to GINs 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe anti-GIN immune response in cattle to O. ostertagi 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpact of immunity on parasites 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmunopathology 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriparturient rise 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUtilising immune responses to control GIN 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural antigens 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHidden antigens 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat next for immunoparasitology research? 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostscript 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 237\u003c\/p\u003e  \"This very readable book is a refreshing change from most books on parasitology. The authors provide a wonderful review of current research efforts and present it in a way to provide readers with useable information. They also delve into more futuristic ideas on parasite control by vaccination as well as genetic resistance and nutritional interactions.\" (Doody's, 23 September 2011)  \u003cp\u003e\"This is definitely a book for anyone who wants to know a lot of detail about gastrointestinal parasites of sheep and cattle, but not for those after a quick and definitive guide to solving common problems encountered in veterinary practice.\" (\u003ci\u003eThe Australian Veterinary Journal\u003c\/i\u003e, January\/February 2011) \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIan Sutherland\u003c\/b\u003e has a BSc in Parasitology from the University of Glasgow, UK and a PhD in Diagnosing Anthelmintic Resistance from the University of Leeds, UK. Ian has over twenty years experience in parasitology research in the UK, Australia and New Zealand. He is currently the Team Leader for Molecular Immunology and Parasitology at The Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIan Scott\u003c\/b\u003e obtained his veterinary degree and PhD at the University of Glasgow, UK. Most of his postgraduate career has been in research\/teaching, interspersed with periods in veterinary practice. Ian is currently a Senior Lecturer in Veterinary Parasitology at Massey University, New Zealand. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \t \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eBoth informative and thought provoking… required reading for all students, scientists and veterinarians interested in parasitic disease and livestock production\u003c\/i\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProfessor Sir James Armour, Emeritus Professor of Veterinary Parasitology, University of Glasgow \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA unique resource for all those interested in the impact of worms on livestock, the anthelmintics used to get rid of them and the emerging problem of anthelmintic resistance. This book provides an over-arching view of past, present and suggested future strategies for control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in sheep and cattle. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book begins with descriptions of the biology of gastrointestinal nematodes, the harm they cause to the host and their economic impact. The main body of the book deals with the control of worms, focusing on the use of anthelmintic drenches. The relationship between drenching practices and the development of drug resistance is discussed, as well as resistance management. The authors also break new ground by discussing alternative options for worm control, including: nutritional interventions, biological control, breeding for desirable genetics and artificially improving immunity to infection. They also offer useful recommendations for program development. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEssential reading for those with a vested interest in parasitism and the development of sustainable parasite control programs, including parasitologists, animal scientists, veterinarians, and those involved in governmental programmes or pharmaceutical development. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e  \u003ci\u003eBoth informative and thought provoking... required reading for all students, scientists and veterinarians interested in parasitic disease and livestock production.\u003c\/i\u003e  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eProfessor Sir James Armour,\u003c\/b\u003e Emeritus Professor of Veterinary Parasitology, University of Glasgow\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989272608997,"sku":"NP9781405185820","price":129.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781405185820.jpg?v=1761783466","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/gastrointestinal-nematodes-of-sheep-and-cattle-isbn-9781405185820","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}