{"product_id":"from-biosynthesis-to-total-synthesis-isbn-9781118751732","title":"From Biosynthesis to Total Synthesis","description":"\u003cp\u003eFocusing on biosynthesis, this book provides readers with approaches and methodologies for modern organic synthesis. By discussing major biosynthetic pathways and their chemical reactions, transformations, and natural products applications; it links biosynthetic mechanisms and more efficient total synthesis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Describes four major biosynthetic pathways (acetate, mevalonate, shikimic acid, and mixed pathways and alkaloids) and their related mechanisms\u003cbr\u003e• Covers reactions, tactics, and strategies for chemical transformations, linking biosynthetic processes and total synthesis\u003cbr\u003e• Includes strategies for optimal synthetic plans and introduces a modern molecular approach to natural product synthesis and applications\u003cbr\u003e• Acts as a key reference for industry and academic readers looking to advance knowledge in classical total synthesis, organic synthesis, and future directions in the field\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xiii\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePREFACE xv\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 From Biosyntheses to Total Syntheses: An Introduction 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBastien Nay and Xu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e‐\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eWen Li\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 From Primary to Secondary Metabolism: the Key Building Blocks 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.1 Definitions 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.2 Energy Supply and Carbon Storing at the Early Stage of Metabolisms 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.3 Glucose as a Starting Material Toward Key Building Blocks of the Secondary Metabolism 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.4 Reactions Involved in the Construction of Secondary Metabolites 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1.5 Secondary Metabolisms 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 From Biosynthesis to Total Synthesis: Strategies Toward the Natural Product Chemical Space 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 The Chemical Space of Natural Products 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 The Biosynthetic Pathways as an Inspiration for Synthetic Challenges 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 The Science of Total Synthesis 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Conclusion: a Journey in the Future of Total Synthesis 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION I ACETATE BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Polyketides 21\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFrançoise Schaefers, Tobias A. M. Gulder, Cyril Bressy, Michael Smietana, Erica Benedetti, Stellios Arseniyadis, Markus Kalesse, and Martin Cordes\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Polyketide Biosynthesis 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Introduction 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Assembly of Acetate\/Malonate‐Derived Metabolites 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Classification of Polyketide Biosynthetic Machineries 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.4 Conclusion 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Synthesis of Polyketides 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Asymmetric Alkylation Reactions 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Applications of Asymmetric Alkylation Reactions in Total Synthesis of Polyketides and Macrolides 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Synthesis of Polyketides‐Focus on Macrolides 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Introduction 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Diols: Asymmetric Aldol Reactions 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Diols: Asymmetric Reductions 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Application of Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Diols in the Total Synthesis of Macrolides 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Conclusion 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Fatty Acids and their Derivatives 130\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnders Vik and Trond Vidar Hansen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Biosynthesis 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Fatty Acids and Lipids 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Mediated Oxidations of ω‐3 and ω‐6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Synthesis of ω‐3 and ω‐6 All‐\u003ci\u003eZ \u003c\/i\u003ePolyunsaturated Fatty Acids 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Synthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by the Wittig Reaction or by the Polyyne Semihydrogenation 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Synthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids via Cross Coupling Reactions 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 A pplications in Total Synthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross Coupling Reactions 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Biomimetic Transformations of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Landmark Total Syntheses 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Synthesis of Leukotriene B5 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Conclusion 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Polyethers 162\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYouwei Xie and Paul E. Floreancig\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Biosynthesis 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Ionophore Antibiotics 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Marine Ladder Toxins 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 A nnonaceous Acetogenins and Terpene Polyethers 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Epoxide Reactivity and Stereoselective Synthesis 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Regiocontrol in Epoxide‐Opening Reactions 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Stereoselective Epoxide Synthesis 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 A pplications to Total Synthesis 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Acid‐Mediated Transformations 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Cascades via Epoxonium Ion Formation 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Cyclizations under Basic Conditions 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Cyclization in Water 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Conclusions 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION II MEVALONATE BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY 187\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 From Acetate to Mevalonate and Deoxyxylulose Phosphate Biosynthetic Pathways: an Introduction to Terpenoids 189\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlexandros L. Zografos and Elissavet E. Anagnostaki\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Mevalonic Acid Pathway 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Mevalonate‐Independent Pathway 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Conclusion 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Monoterpenes and Iridoids 196\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMario Waser and Uwe Rinner\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Biosynthesis 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 A cyclic Monoterpenes 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Cyclic Monoterpenes 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Iridoids 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Irregular Monoterpenes 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 A symmetric Organocatalysis 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Introduction and Historical Background 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Enamine, Iminium, and Singly Occupied Molecular Orbital Activation 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Chiral (Bronsted) Acids and H‐Bonding Donors 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Chiral Bronsted\/Lewis Bases and Nucleophilic Catalysis 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 A symmetric Phase‐Transfer Catalysis 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 O rganocatalysis in the Total Synthesis of Iridoids and Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 (+)‐Geniposide and 7‐Deoxyloganin 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 (–)‐Brasoside and (–)‐Littoralisone 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 (+)‐Mitsugashiwalactone 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 A lstoscholarine 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.5 (+)‐Aspidospermidine and (+)‐Vincadifformine 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.6 (+)‐Yohimbine 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Conclusion 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Sesquiterpenes 236\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlexandros L. Zografos and Elissavet E. Anagnostaki\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Biosynthesis 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Cycloisomerization Reactions in Organic Synthesis 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Enyne Cycloisomerization 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Diene Cycloisomerization 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Application of Cycloisomerizations in the Total Synthesis of Sesquiterpenoids 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Picrotoxane Sesquiterpenes 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 A romadendrane Sesquiterpenes: Epiglobulol 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Cubebol–Cubebenes Sesquiterpenes 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Ventricos‐7(13)‐ene 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5 Englerins 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.6 Echinopines 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.7 Cyperolone 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.8 Diverse Sesquiterpenoids 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Conclusion 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Diterpenes 279\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLouis Barriault\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Biosynthesis of Diterpenes Based on Cationic Cyclizations 1,2‐Shifts, and Transannular Processes 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Pericyclic Reactions and their Application in the Synthesis of Selected Diterpenoids 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Diels–Alder Reaction and Its Application in the Total Synthesis of Diterpenes 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Cascade Pericyclic Reactions and their Application in the Total Synthesis of Diterpenes 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Conclusion 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Higher Terpenes and Steroids 296\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKazuaki Ishihara\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Biosynthesis 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Cascade Polyene Cyclizations 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Diastereoselective Polyene Cyclizations 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 “Chiral proton (H+)”‐Induced Polyene Cyclizations 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 “Chiral Metal Ion”‐Induced Polyene Cyclizations 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 “Chiral Halonium Ion (X+)”‐Induced Polyene Cyclizations 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.5 “Chiral Carbocation”‐Induced Polyene Cyclizations 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.6 Stereoselective Cyclizations of Homo(polyprenyl)arene Analogs 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Biomimetic Total Synthesis of Terpenes and Steroids through Polyene Cyclization 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Conclusion 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION III SHIKIMIC ACID BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY 331\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Lignans, Lignins, and Resveratrols 333\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYu Peng\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Biosynthesis 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Primary Metabolism of Shikimic Acid and Aromatic Amino Acids 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Lignans and Lignin 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Auxiliary‐Assisted C(sp3)–H Arylation Reactions in Organic Synthesis 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Friedel–Crafts Reactions in Organic Synthesis 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Total Synthesis of Lignans by C(sp3)─H Arylation Reactions 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Total Synthesis of Lignans and Polymeric Resveratrol by Friedel–Crafts Reactions 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Conclusion 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION IV MIXED BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS–THE STORY OF ALKALOIDS 381\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Ornithine and Lysine Alkaloids 383\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSebastian Brauch, Wouter S. Veldmate, and Floris P. J. T. Rutjes\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Biosynthesis of l‐Ornithine and l‐Lysine Alkaloids 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Biosynthetic Formation of Alkaloids Derived from l‐Ornithine 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Biosynthetic Formation of Alkaloids Derived from l‐Lysine 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 The Asymmetric Mannich Reaction in Organic Synthesis 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Chiral Amines as Catalysts in Asymmetric Mannich Reactions 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Chiral Bronsted Bases as Catalysts in Asymmetric Mannich Reactions 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Chiral Bronsted Acids as Catalysts in Asymmetric Mannich Reactions 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Organometallic Catalysts in Asymmetric Mannich Reactions 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Biocatalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reactions 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Mannich and Related Reactions in the Total Synthesis of l‐Lysine‐ and l‐Ornithine‐Derived Alkaloids 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Conclusion 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Tyrosine Alkaloids 431\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eUwe Rinner and Mario Waser\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Biosynthesis of Tyrosine‐Derived Alkaloids 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Phenylethylamines 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Simple Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Modified Benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Phenethylisoquinoline Alkaloids 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.5 Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.6 Biosynthetic Overview of Tyrosine‐Derived Alkaloids 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Aryl–Aryl Coupling Reactions 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Copper‐Mediated Aryl–Aryl Bond Forming Reactions 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Nickel‐Mediated Aryl–Aryl Bond Forming Reactions 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Palladium‐Mediated Aryl–Aryl Bond Forming Reactions 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Couplings of Nonactivated Aryl Compounds 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Synthesis of Tyrosine‐Derived Alkaloids 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Synthesis of Modified Benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Synthesis of Phenethylisoquinoline Alkaloids 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Synthesis of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Conclusion 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Histidine and Histidine\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eLike Alkaloids 473\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eIan S. Young\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Biosynthesis 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Atom Economy and Protecting‐Group‐Free Chemistry 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Challenging the Boundaries of Synthesis: Pias 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Conclusion 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Anthranilic Acid–Tryptophan Alkaloids 502\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eZhen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e‐\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eYu Tang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Biosynthesis 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Divergent Synthesis–Collective Total Synthesis 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Collective Total Synthesis of Tryptophan‐Derived Alkaloids 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Bisindole Alkaloids 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Future Directions of Modern Organic Synthesis 519\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJakob Pletz and Rolf Breinbauer\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Enzymes in Organic Synthesis: Merging Total Synthesis with Biosynthesis 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Engineered Biosynthesis 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis, Biology‐Oriented Synthesis, and Diverted Total Synthesis 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Diversity‐oriented Synthesis 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Biology‐oriented Synthesis 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.3 Diverted Total Synthesis 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Conclusion 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eINDEX 548\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"The richness of the material in this book will appeal to students as well as scientists alike...It can serve as an addition to a course on natural products, but will also be of benefit to scientists when looking into new or neighboring territory. I am wholeheartedly can recommend the book to anybody interested in the synthesis of natural products.\" (\u003ci\u003eAngewandte Chemie International Edition\u003c\/i\u003e May 2017)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003eAlexandros L. Zografos \u003c\/b\u003egraduated as a chemist from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. After earning his PhD in 2001 at the National Technical University of Athens, he pursued his postdoctoral studies with Prof. Phil Baran at the Scripps Research Institute and Prof. Scott Snyder at Columbia University before he moved back to Greece to work as a senior researcher at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and NCRS Demokritos Institute. In 2009, he began his independent career at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, where he is currently an assistant professor of organic chemistry. His group is working on divergent total synthesis of complex natural products and on the development of novel CH activation reactions. \u003cp\u003eThe biosynthesis of natural products has given knowledge and inspiration to chemists from the beginning of modern synthetic chemistry. Over time, a better understanding of biosynthetic mechanisms has led to the discovery of revolutionary fields, like biomimicry in chemistry and material science, accelerating today’s innovations in modern asymmetric synthesis. Tools like asymmetric epoxidation, aldol and organocatalytic reactions, and the concepts of catalysis and CH-activation have their origin in biosynthesis. It is crucial for scientists to gain a comprehensive understanding of biosynthetic mechanisms to improve the productivity and efficiency of organic synthesis now and in the future.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFocusing on biosynthesis, \u003ci\u003eFrom Biosynthesis to Total Synthesis: Strategies and Tactics for Natural Products \u003c\/i\u003eprovides readers with approaches and methodologies for optimal synthetic planning. By discussing the roots of chemical reactivity within the major biosynthetic pathways, it offers a fresh perspective on how total synthesis of natural products can be approached. The chapters cover the major classes of natural products: polyketides, lipids, polyethers, terpenes, lignans, and alkaloids. Each chapter is further divided into three comprehensive sections: biosynthesis, methodology, and total synthesis; allowing on the direct comparison between biosynthesis and the developed methodologies that are used in modern total synthesis. The final section explains future directions of modern organic synthesis, touching upon engineered biosynthesis, diversity-oriented synthesis, biology-oriented synthesis, and the promise of merging total synthesis with biosynthesis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith contributions by leading organic chemists from around the world, \u003ci\u003eFrom Biosynthesis to Total Synthesis: Strategies and Tactics for Natural Products\u003c\/i\u003e acts as a key reference for industry and academic readers who are looking not only to advance their knowledge in modern methodologies of organic synthesis, but also to classical total synthesis, as a means to gain future insights in the field.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989246689509,"sku":"NP9781118751732","price":218.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118751732.jpg?v=1761783363","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/from-biosynthesis-to-total-synthesis-isbn-9781118751732","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}