{"product_id":"first-farmers-isbn-9781119706342","title":"First Farmers","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA wide-ranging and accessible introduction to the origins and histories of the first agricultural populations in many different parts of the world\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis fully revised and updated second edition of\u003ci\u003e First Farmers\u003c\/i\u003e examines the origins of food production across the world and documents the expansions of agricultural populations from source regions during the past 12,000 years. It commences with the archaeological records from the multiple homelands of agriculture, and extends into discussions that draw on linguistic and genomic information about the human past, featuring new findings from the last ten years of research. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThrough twelve chapters, the text examines the latest evidence and leading theories surrounding the early development of agricultural practices through data drawn from across the anthropological discipline—primarily archaeology, comparative linguistics, and biological anthropology—to present a cohesive history of early farmer migration. Founded on the author's insights from his research into the agricultural prehistory of East and Southeast Asia—one of the best focus areas for the teaching of prehistoric archaeology—this book offers an engaging account of how prehistoric humans settled new landscapes. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe second edition has been thoroughly updated with many new maps and illustrations that reflect the multidisciplinary knowledge of the present day. Authored by a leading scholar with wide-ranging experience across the fields of anthropology and archaeology, \u003ci\u003eFirst Farmers, Second Edition\u003c\/i\u003e includes information on: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eThe early farming dispersal hypothesis in current perspective, plus operational considerations regarding the origins and dispersals of agriculture\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eThe archaeological evidence for the origins and spreads of agriculture in the Eurasian, African and American continents\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eThe histories of the language families that spread with the first farming populations, and the evidence from biological anthropology and ancient DNA that underpins our modern knowledge of these migrations \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eDrawing evidence from across the sub-disciplines of anthropology to present a cohesive and exciting analysis of an important subject in the study of human population history, \u003ci\u003eFarmers First, Second Edition\u003c\/i\u003e is an important work of scholarship and an excellent introduction to multiple methods of anthropological and archaeological inquiry for the beginner student in prehistoric anthropology and archaeology, human migration, archaeology of East and Southeast Asia, agricultural history, comparative anthropology, and more disciplines across the anthropology curriculum. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Figures xii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the first edition of \u003ci\u003eFirst Farmers \u003c\/i\u003e(2005) xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the second edition of \u003ci\u003eFirst Farmers \u003c\/i\u003e(2023) xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 The Early Farming Dispersal Hypothesis in Perspective 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroducing the Hypothesis 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Disciplinary Players 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBroad Perspectives 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Thoughts on Causation and Approach 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The Origins and Dispersals of Food Production 12\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMatters of Definition 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Changed with Food Production? 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Significance of Agriculture: Productivity and\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation Numbers 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Were the Practicalities behind Plant Domestication? 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForager versus Farmer: An Easy Behavioral Choice? 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Did Food Production Develop in the First Place? 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWere There Any Regularities in the Origins of Food Production across the World? 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFocusing on the Holocene as an Essential Environmental Background for Food Production 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgricultural Adoption: The View from Ethnography 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe “Encapsulated” Hunter-Gatherers of Africa and Asia 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Independent Hunter-Gatherers of Australia, the Andamans, and the Americas 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHunter-Gatherers with Food-producing Ancestries 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Did Ethnographic Hunter-Gatherers Not Become Food Producers? 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo the Archaeological Record 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Final Observation 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 The Beginnings of Food Production in the Fertile Crescent 49\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroducing the Fertile Crescent 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Fertile Crescent Environment at the Dawn of Agriculture 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Domestication of Plants in the Fertile Crescent 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Fertile Crescent Domesticated Animals 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Hunter-Gatherer Background to Farming in the Fertile Crescent 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Fertile Crescent Neolithic: The Rise of Villages, Towns, and Food Production 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Its Contemporaries (c. 9500–8500 BCE) 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Pre-Pottery Neolithic B and Its Contemporaries (c. 8500–7000 BCE) 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Observations on the PPNB World 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Pre-Pottery Neolithic on the Move: The Zagros, Central Anatolia, and Cyprus 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Real Turning Point in the Neolithic Revolution 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 The Spreads of Food Production beyond the Fertile Crescent: Europe, the Middle East, and South Asia 81\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Spread of the Neolithic Economy through Europe 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWestern Anatolia 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Aegean, Greece, and the Northern Mediterranean Littoral 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Balkans, and the Danubians of the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNorthern Europe 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe British Isles 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Western Steppes: The Lower Danube to the Urals 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEuropean Neolithic Societies 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgricultural Dispersals to the East of the Fertile Crescent 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Indian Subcontinent (South Asia) 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Domesticated Crops of the Indian Subcontinent 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegional Trajectories into Food Production in South Asia:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Consequences of Mehrgarh 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWestern India: Extending beyond the Harappan 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouthern India 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Ganges Basin and Northeast India 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEurope and South Asia Compared 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Africa: Multiple Routes into Food Production 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree African Themes 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe African Continent 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore Farming: The Green Sahara 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Spread of the Fertile Crescent Agricultural Complex into Egypt 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe North African Littoral 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePastoralism before Crop Agriculture in Northeastern Africa? 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Origins of the African Domesticated Plants 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Appearance of Agriculture in Central and Southern Africa 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Summary for Africa 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 The Beginnings of Agriculture in East Asia 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Environmental Background to Early Agriculture in East Asia 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Domesticated Plants and Animals of East Asia 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Cultural Background to Early Agriculture in East Asia 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere and How the Millets and Rice Became Domesticated 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgriculture and Migration in China 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Archaeological Record of the Early Neolithic in the Liao and Yellow River Basins 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Archaeological Record of the Early Neolithic in the Yangtze Basin 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemographic Trends in Neolithic China 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLater Developments (Post-5000 BCE) in the Chinese Neolithic 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 The Dispersals of Food Producers into Southeast Asia and Oceania 150\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Hunter-Gatherer Background to the Arrival of Farmers in Mainland Southeast Asia 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Oldest Neolithic Assemblages in Guangxi and Northern Vietnam 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst Farmers across Mainland Southeast Asia 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Farmers in Taiwan and Island Southeast Asia 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Archaeological Record of Food Production in Island Southeast Asia 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe New Guinea Agricultural Trajectory and Its Role in Pacific Colonization 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Farmers as First Settlers in Remote Oceania 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Early Agriculture in the Americas 176\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Necessary Background to Early American Food Production 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Geography of Early Agriculture in the Americas 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaize 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Important Crops 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouth America: The Andes 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmazonia 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle America (with Mesoamerica) 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Southwest USA 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOf Pipelines and Freeways 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmigrant Mesoamerican Farmers in the US Southwest? 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndependent Agricultural Origins in the Eastern Woodlands 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 What Do Language Families Mean for Human Prehistory? 212\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLanguage Families, and How They Have Evolved 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eText Box; The Austronesian languages and their speakers 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Identification and Phylogenetic Study of Language Families 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOf Trees and Rakes 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt What Rates Do Languages Change through Time? 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMissing Links? 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Did Languages and Language Families Spread? 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLanguages in Competition: Language Shift 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere to Next? 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 The Profound Impact of the Fertile Crescent 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere Did the Indo-European Family Originate, and When? 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Pontic Steppes Origin for the Indo-European Languages? 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElamite and Dravidian, and the Indo-Iranians 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Afro-Asiatic Language Family 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Background to a Genetic Perspective 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenomic Evidence for Neolithic Migration Out of the Fertile Crescent 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndo-European from the Pontic Steppes? The Genetic Perspective 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFertile Crescent DNA Heads East 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA New Genetic Perspective on Indo-European Origins? 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenomic Ancestry and the Afro-Asiatic Language Family 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Asia, Oceania, Africa, The Americas 268\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe East Asian Language Families 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSino-Tibetan 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranseurasian 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Mainland Southeast Asian Language Families 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAustroasiatic 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKra-Dai (Tai-Kadai) and Hmong-Mien 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsland Southeast Asia and Oceania – Austronesian 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenomic Perspectives on Early Farmer and Language Family Dispersals in Southern China, Southeast Asia, and Oceania 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhence the Polynesians and Micronesians? 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWas Taiwan a Likely Genomic Homeland for Austronesian-speaking Populations? 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhich Neolithic Populations in China Contributed Genes to Southeast Asian and Pacific Populations? 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOceania: The Trans-New Guinea Family 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe African Language Families 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Nilo-Saharan Family and the Khoisan Language Group 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Niger-Congo Family, with Its Bantu Subgroup 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Americas 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle America, Mesoamerica, and the US Southwest 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUto-Aztecan 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouth America 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEastern North America 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 The Early Farming Dispersal Hypothesis: Two Decades Later 316\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“…the work is an essential textbook for all students of archaeology and its pedagogical value lies not least in providing a better understanding of the deeply rooted human quest for mobility.” - ANTIQUITY 2024 Vol. 98 (399): 834–857\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePETER BELLWOOD\u003c\/b\u003e is Emeritus Professor at the Australian National University in Canberra, a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy, and winner of the International Cosmos Prize for 2021. He is the author of dozens of books and papers on topics spanning the field of archaeology, focusing on prehistoric population migration, prehistory of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, and interdisciplinary connections between archaeology, linguistics, and human biology. In addition to \u003ci\u003eFirst Farmers\u003c\/i\u003e, he has published two other introductions to anthropology and archaeology with Wiley Blackwell: \u003ci\u003eFirst Migrants\u003c\/i\u003e (2013) and \u003ci\u003eFirst Islanders\u003c\/i\u003e (2017).  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePraise for the previous edition\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Bellwood is not afraid to challenge the established orthodoxy. This is a stimulating and thought-provoking assessment of one of the most important questions in archaeology today.\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e—Peter Bogucki,\u003c\/b\u003e Princeton University\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"This wonderful book is a fascinating treasure-house of information about human history since the origins of agriculture. It deserves to be a standard reference for archaeologists, linguists, geneticists, and anthropologists interested in the formation of the modern world.\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e—Jared Diamond,\u003c\/b\u003e University of California, Los Angeles\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"A tour de force of historical anthropology. Rarely does one encounter a book with the sweeping historical scope of Peter Bellwood’s convincing worldwide synthesis of agricultural origins and population dispersals.\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e—Patrick Kirch,\u003c\/b\u003e University of California, Berkeley\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Global in its scope, Peter Bellwood’s \u003ci\u003eFirst Farmers\u003c\/i\u003e boldly correlates the spreads of early farming with episodes of human population and language dispersal. It offers a powerfully coherent perspective, which challengingly sets one of the great themes of human history in a new and simplified vision.\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e—Colin Renfrew,\u003c\/b\u003e University of Cambridge\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this second edition of \u003ci\u003eFirst Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies\u003c\/i\u003e, leading scholar Peter Bellwood delivers an expert examination of the origins of food production across the globe and reconstructs the migratory expansions of agricultural populations from 12,000 years ago to the colonial era. Relying not just on the archaeological record, but also on linguistic and genomic data, especially new findings from the last ten years of research, Bellwood explores the latest evidence and theories surrounding the early development of agricultural practices in the Eurasian, African, and American continents. From the early farming dispersal hypothesis to an in-depth look at multiple foci of agricultural development, the new edition includes unprecedented information relevant to contemporary researchers and many new maps and illustrations.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eFirst Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies, Second Edition\u003c\/i\u003e is an essential work of scholarship and an excellent introduction to multiple methods of anthropological and archaeological inquiry for the beginner students in prehistoric anthropology and archaeology, human migration, agricultural history, comparative anthropology, and more disciplines across the anthropology curriculum.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989215953125,"sku":"NP9781119706342","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119706342.jpg?v=1761783241","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/first-farmers-isbn-9781119706342","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}