{"product_id":"facial-aesthetics-isbn-9781119510703","title":"Facial Aesthetics","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe definitive reference on facial aesthetic analysis for aesthetic and reconstructive surgery and aesthetic dentistry \u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eFacial Aesthetics: Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis \u003c\/i\u003eis a unique resource for facial aesthetic surgery and dentistry. Providing a comprehensive guide to both the art and science of facial aesthetics, the book incorporates all aspects relevant to the work of the clinician involved in the management of facial deformities. Revised and expanded with extensive additions, the second edition is structured over 24 easy-to-follow chapters with numerous illustrations and diagrams.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart I of \u003ci\u003eFacial Aesthetics \u003c\/i\u003ecovers the historical evidence for facial aesthetics canons and concepts in depth. It incorporates all aspects relevant to the work of the clinician, including the philosophical and scientific theories of facial beauty, facial attractiveness research, facial proportions, facial expression, and the psychological ramifications of facial deformities. Part II of the book goes on to examine clinical evaluation and diagnosis in considerable detail under four sections, from the initial consultation interview and acquisition of diagnostic records, complete clinical examination and analysis of the craniofacial complex, in-depth analysis of each individual facial region, and the comprising craniodentoskeletal and soft tissue units and subunits, using a top-down approach, and finally focusing on smile and dentogingival aesthetic evaluation.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWritten by a highly qualified practitioner and researcher in the field, \u003ci\u003eFacial Aesthetics \u003c\/i\u003ealso provides:  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExamines facial aesthetics in a clinical context \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStep-by-step aesthetic analysis of each facial region \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDetailed descriptions of the systematic clinical evaluation of the facial soft tissues and craniodentoskeletal complex \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIn-depth analysis of 2D and 3D clinical diagnostic records \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAn evidence-based approach, from antiquity to contemporary scientific evidence, to the guidelines employed in planning the correction of facial deformities \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTreatment planning from first principles highlighted \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eFacial Aesthetics \u003c\/i\u003eis a comprehensive, practical reference and essential guide for practitioners with interest in refining their understanding and appreciation of the human face and applying practical protocols to their clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. It is essential reading for facial aesthetic surgeons and aesthetic dentists, orthodontists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, as well as plastic and reconstructive surgeons. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReviews of the First Edition xvi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to Second Edition xviii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the First Edition xx\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xxii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Concepts\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Facial Beauty\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e with \u003ci\u003eHengameh B. Naini 3\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition of beauty and aesthetics 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs beauty ‘in the eye of the beholder’? 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe enigma of facial beauty 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeauty and facial beauty: historical and philosophical perspectives 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacial Beauty: Scientific perspectives 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImportance of facial beauty 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStriving for form 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Facial Proportions: Classical Canons to Modern Craniofacial Anthropometry 26\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAncient Egypt 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAncient Greece 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAncient Rome 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Renaissance 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Enlightenment and neoclassicism 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwentieth century 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe golden proportion 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Facial Expression: Influence and Significance 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImportance of facial expressions 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of research into facial expressions 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 Psychological Ramifications of Facial Deformities 72\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth and psychosocial well-being 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-image 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe effect of the response of others on those with facial deformities 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo treat or not to treat? The controversial debate 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody dysmorphic disorder: the delusion of deformity 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManaging facial deformity in a neurotic-dysmorphic patient 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Clinical Diagnosis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection 1 Patient Interview and Clinical Diagnostic Records 87\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to Section 1 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Patient Interview and Consultation 89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresenting complaint 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of presenting complaint 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychosocial history 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical history 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDanger signals and the ‘problem’ patient 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcluding remarks 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Clinical Diagnostic Records, Natural Head Position and Craniofacial Anthropometry 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiographs 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical photographs 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical videography 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudy models 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSerial height measurement 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree-dimensional hard and soft tissue imaging 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Frankfort Craniometric Agreement and the Frankfort Plane 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe unreliability of anatomical reference planes 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural head position: the key to diagnosis 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoice of horizontal and vertical reference planes 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrientation of the patient in natural head position 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquipment for digital photography and data storage 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient consent forms 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground and lighting 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacial views 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntraoral views 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnthropometric craniofacial surface landmarks 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Cephalometry and Cephalometric Analysis 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCephalometric landmarks and planes of reference 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLandmarks, lines, planes and volumes 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCephalometric planes of reference 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosteroanterior cephalometric radiography 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCephalometric analysis and geometric principles 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescription of dentofacial deformities 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSagittal skeletal relationships 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSagittal dentoalveolar relationships 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical skeletal relationships 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical dentoalveolar relationships 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransverse skeletal relationships 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection 2 Facial Aesthetic Analysis: Facial Type, Proportions and Symmetry 151\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to Section 2 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe diagnostic process – clinical evaluation 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical evaluation – the sequence 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Facial Type 157\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe fictional conception of the ‘normal’ 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProportion indices 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHead type 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCephalic index 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHead circumference 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacial type: frontal view (norma frontalis) 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacial shape 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacial index 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacial type: profile view (norma lateralis) 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacial divergence 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSagittal facial profile contour 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParasagittal facial profile contour 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacial curves and curvilinear relationships 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurvilinear relationships – frontal and profile views 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAngularity of facial contour lines 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacial profile curves and ‘S-shaped’ curvilinear considerations 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContour defects 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexual variation: the main differences between male and female faces 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e‘Ethnic’ variation: considerations in facial aesthetic evaluation 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistorical background 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsiderations in facial aesthetic evaluation 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical implications 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacial ageing 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrent understanding, controversies and future research 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecognizing the visible effects of ageing 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Facial Proposition 184\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCraniofacial height to standing height proportion 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical Facial Proportions 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransverse facial proportions 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcluding remarks 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Facial Symmetry and Asymmetry 199\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelationship between symmetry and proportion 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBalance and harmony: a note on terminology 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAetiology and classification of facial asymmetry 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical evaluation 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDynamic clinical evaluation 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDental midlines 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiographic\/cephalometric evaluation 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree-dimensional imaging evaluation 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCraniofacial growth and treatment timing 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection 3 Facial Aesthetic Analysis: Regional Analysis 223\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to Section 3 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe modified subunit principle 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelativity and the five facial prominences 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpper Facial Analysis 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 The Forehead 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction and Terminology 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical evaluation 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 The Orbital Region 233\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminology 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical evaluation 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMidfacial Analysis 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13 The Ears 243\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminology 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical evaluation 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14 The Nose 249\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminology 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNasal type, topography and the subunit principle 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical evaluation 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNormative values for nasal dimensions 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNasal function 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15 The Malar Region 274\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminology 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical evaluation 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciples in planning the correction of malar deficiency 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16 The Maxilla and Midface 283\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminology 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical evaluation 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaxillary deficiency 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaxillary excess 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaxillary asymmetry 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLower Facial Analysis 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17 The Lips 308\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminology 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical evaluation 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18 Mentolabial (Labiomental) Fold 328\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMentolabial fold (sulcus) depth 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMentolabial angle 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttractiveness research 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical position of the mentolabial fold 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMentolabial fold morphology 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19 The Mandible 335\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminology 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy, morphology and size 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSagittal and vertical relationships 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMandibular deficiency 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMandibular excess 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransverse relationships 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMandibular asymmetries 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20 The Chin 353\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminology 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification of chin deformities 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical evaluation 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSagittal evaluation and chin projection 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSagittal position of hard tissue (skeletal) pogonion 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndirect morphological influences on sagittal chin projection 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoft tissue chin pad 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMentolabial fold and chin pad morphology 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDynamic chin pad evaluation 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMentalis muscle – anatomy, activity and significance 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical chin height 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransverse chin width 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 21 Submental-Cervical Region 377\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminology 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAetiology 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical evaluation 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelative submental projection and aesthetics 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection 4 Smile and Dentogingival Aesthetic Analysis 393\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to Section 4 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 22 Dental-Occlusal Relationships: Terminology, Description and Classification 395\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminology 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDental occlusion 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification of dental-occlusal relationships 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe term ‘Class’ and classification 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe aetiology of malocclusion 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOral health 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOcclusal function 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 23 Smile Aesthetics\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003ewith\u003ci\u003e Daljit S. Gill 412\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical evaluation 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLip aesthetics 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLip lines 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpper lip–maxillary incisor relationship 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncisor exposure and phonetic analysis 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncisor exposure in oblique lateral view 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncisor exposure and anterior occlusal guidance 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmile symmetry 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDynamic upper lip curvature 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrientation of the transverse occlusal plane 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrientation of the sagittal occlusal plane 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmile curvature (smile arc) 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDental midlines 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuccal corridors (negative space) 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmile aesthetics in profile view 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 24 Dentogingival Aesthetics\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003ewith \u003ci\u003eDaljit S. Gill\u003c\/i\u003e 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical evaluation 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTooth shape 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTooth size 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTooth proportions 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTooth symmetry 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArch form 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaxillary incisor axial angulations 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGradation (front-to-back progression) 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGingival aesthetics 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContacts, connectors and embrasures 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTooth colour 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 450\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarhad B. Naini \u003c\/b\u003eis Consultant Orthodontist, Director of Research and Clinical Lead for Maxillofacial Surgery and Specialist Dentistry at Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, and Consultant Orthodontist in The Gillies Unit, Queen Mary’s Hospital, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. He is Honorary Professor at Kingston University London, UK.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe definitive reference on facial aesthetic analysis for aesthetic and reconstructive surgery and aesthetic dentistry \u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eFacial Aesthetics: Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis \u003c\/i\u003eis a unique resource for facial aesthetic surgery and dentistry. Providing a comprehensive guide to both the art and science of facial aesthetics, the book incorporates all aspects relevant to the work of the clinician involved in the management of facial deformities. Revised and expanded with extensive additions, the second edition is structured over 24 easy-to-follow chapters with numerous illustrations and diagrams.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePart I of \u003ci\u003eFacial Aesthetics \u003c\/i\u003ecovers the historical evidence for facial aesthetics canons and concepts in depth. It incorporates all aspects relevant to the work of the clinician, including the philosophical and scientific theories of facial beauty, facial attractiveness research, facial proportions, facial expression, and the psychological ramifications of facial deformities. Part II of the book goes on to examine clinical evaluation and diagnosis in considerable detail under four sections, from the initial consultation interview and acquisition of diagnostic records, complete clinical examination and analysis of the craniofacial complex, in-depth analysis of each individual facial region, and the comprising craniodentoskeletal and soft tissue units and subunits, using a top-down approach, and finally focusing on smile and dentogingival aesthetic evaluation.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWritten by a highly qualified practitioner and researcher in the field, \u003ci\u003eFacial Aesthetics \u003c\/i\u003ealso provides:  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExamines facial aesthetics in a clinical context \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStep-by-step aesthetic analysis of each facial region \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDetailed descriptions of the systematic clinical evaluation of the facial soft tissues and craniodentoskeletal complex \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIn-depth analysis of 2D and 3D clinical diagnostic records \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAn evidence-based approach, from antiquity to contemporary scientific evidence, to the guidelines employed in planning the correction of facial deformities \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTreatment planning from first principles highlighted \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eFacial Aesthetics \u003c\/i\u003eis a comprehensive, practical reference and essential guide for practitioners with interest in refining their understanding and appreciation of the human face and applying practical protocols to their clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. It is essential reading for facial aesthetic surgeons and aesthetic dentists, orthodontists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, as well as plastic and reconstructive surgeons.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989193113829,"sku":"NP9781119510703","price":157.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119510703.jpg?v=1761783155","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/facial-aesthetics-isbn-9781119510703","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}