{"product_id":"everyday-medical-ethics-and-law-isbn-9781118384893","title":"Everyday Medical Ethics and Law","description":"\u003ci\u003eEveryday Medical Ethics and Law\u003c\/i\u003e is based on the core chapters of Medical Ethics Today, focussing on the practical issues and dilemmas common to all doctors. It includes chapters on the law and professional guidance relating to consent, treating people who lack capacity, treating children and young people, confidentiality and health records. The title is UK-wide, covering the law and guidance in each of the four nations. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEach chapter has a uniform structure which makes it ideal for use in learning and teaching. \"10 Things You Need to Know About...\" introduces the key points of the topic, Setting the Scene explains where the issues occur in real life and why doctors need to understand them, and then key definitions are followed by explanations of different scenarios. The book uses real cases to illustrate points and summary boxes to highlight key issues throughout.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhilst maintaining its rigorous attention to detail, \u003ci\u003eEveryday Medical Ethics and Law\u003c\/i\u003e is an easy read reference book for busy, practising doctors.  \u003cp\u003eMedical Ethics Committee xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of case examples xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 A practical approach to ethics 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoes medical ethics help and how? 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey terms and concepts 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProfessionalism 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuties and rights 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe public interest 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical law and healthcare law 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatute and common law 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman rights law 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuasi (or soft) law 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthical decision making 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApproaching an ethical problem 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe BMA’s approach 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecognise that a dilemma exists 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDissect the problem 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo you need more information? 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentify and apply relevant legal or professional guidance 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalyse the facts 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCan you justify the decision with sound arguments? 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA final word on problem solving 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The doctor–patient relationship 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSetting the scene 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponsibilities for patients and the duty of care 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe duty of care 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndependent assessors 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProfessionals with dual obligations 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinuity of care and patients’ rights to change 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDelegation of tasks and referral of patients 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient autonomy and choice 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManaging patients’ expectations 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo patients have choices about who provides care? 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRights of homeless people, detainees and asylum seekers 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCan patients insist on having the drugs they prefer? 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo patients have the right to a second opinion? 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatients’ rights to combine NHS and private care 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatients’ rights to reject medical advice 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat are the rights of patients who are violent or misuse services? 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatients’ rights to complain 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTruth-telling and good communication 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGiving bad news 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTelling patients about unfunded treatments 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReporting mistakes and telling patients about them 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKeeping patients’ trust 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManaging confl icts of interest 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConflicts when commissioning services 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePayment for referrals or recommendations 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccepting gifts and bequests 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCovert medication 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecording consultations 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCovert recording and surveillance 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChaperones and accompanying persons 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntimate examinations 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecognising boundaries 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManaging personal relationships with patients 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen a friendship becomes inappropriate 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntimate relationships 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of social media 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth professionals acting as witnesses to legal documents 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvance decisions about medical treatment 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActing as a legal advocate for a patient 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirearms certifi cates 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth professionals’ personal beliefs 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConscientious objection 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreakdown of the doctor–patient relationship 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLimits or boundaries on advertising services 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreating oneself, friends and family 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-diagnosis and treatment 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreating family or close friends 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStaff who are also patients 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProviding a safe service 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhistle-blowing 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergency situations 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnsuring competence in daily practice 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocums, out-of-hours services and arranging medical cover 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVetting and barring 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudents, shadowing and work experience 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWriting references for colleagues 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA last word on the doctor–patient relationship 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Consent, choice and refusal: adults with capacity 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSetting the scene 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe importance of information 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOffering information for contemporaneous and advance decisions 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranslation and signing services 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat type of information? 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation to make an advance decision 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation about participating in a research project 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow much information? 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe duty to warn about risks 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCan information be withheld? 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCan patients refuse information? 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRefusal of treatment 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeeking consent 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWho should seek the patient’s consent? 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat type of consent or refusal is valid? 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplied decisions and explicit or express decisions 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten and verbal decisions 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVoluntary and pressured decisions: Do patients mean what they say? 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUndue influence 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCultural influences 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe influence of incentives 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDocumenting the decision 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDocumenting consent 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDocumenting refusal 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDocumenting views about future medical treatment 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvance requests 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvance decisions refusing treatment: The law in England and Wales 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvance refusals in Scotland 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvance refusals in Northern Ireland 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplementing the decision 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoes having consent mean the procedure must proceed? 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA last word about patient consent and refusal 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Treating adults who lack capacity 96\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSetting the scene 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe law concerning treatment and non-treatment of adults lacking capacity to consent 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral legal principles across the UK 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEngland and Wales 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScotland 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCertificate of incapacity and the general authority to treat 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon law in Northern Ireland 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing patients’ capacity 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is mental capacity? 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow is it assessed? 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat factors indicate capacity? 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat factors indicate impaired capacity? 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluctuating capacity 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWho should assess capacity and when? 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProviding care and treatment for adults lacking mental capacity 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBest interests and benefit for patients 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExceptions to best interests 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvolving people close to the patient 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBest interests and covert medication 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe role of proxy decision makers 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePower of attorney in England and Wales 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe power to make health and welfare decisions 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisputes arising in relation to LPAs 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCourt-appointed deputies (England and Wales) 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndependent mental capacity advocates (IMCAs) (England and Wales) 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe role of IMCAs in decisions to withhold or withdraw serious medical treatment 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe role of IMCAs in decisions about where patients should live 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttorneys and guardians in Scotland 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResolving disputes (Scotland) 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecisions needing special safeguards 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGiving treatment with serious implications 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWithholding treatment with serious implications 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaking legal advice and involving the courts 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Official Solicitor (England and Wales) 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWithholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinically assisted nutrition and hydration 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSafeguards for participation in research 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDementia research 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergency research 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl, restraint and deprivation of liberty 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeprivation of Liberty Safeguards 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEngland and Wales 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScotland 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNorthern Ireland 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe difference between protection, restraint and deprivation of liberty 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA last word on caring for adults who lack capacity 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Treating children and young people 131\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSetting the scene 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsent to examination and treatment 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompetence to consent to or refuse treatment or examination 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsent or refusal on behalf of babies and young children 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParental responsibility 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBest interests 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisagreements between people with parental responsibility 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRefusal by people with parental responsibility 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvolving older children in decisions 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnaccompanied minors 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfi dentiality 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing competence in children and young people 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompetence to consent 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompetence to refuse 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsent and refusal by competent young people 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsent 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRefusal 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResearch involving children and young people 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParental consent or refusal for children and babies 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssent from children who lack competence 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsent or refusal by competent children and young people 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergency research involving children and babies 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAvailability of research and trial data 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsent and refusal in exceptional circumstances 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale infant circumcision 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSerious difference of opinion between parents and health professionals 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaternity testing 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsent to testing 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRefusal of testing 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTesting and best interests 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvance decision making 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing restraint to provide treatment 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRefusal of medical or psychiatric examination under the Children Act 1989 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChild protection 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfidentiality and disclosure of information about abuse or neglect 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvisory services and involving the courts 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA last word on treating children and young people 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Patient confidentiality 165\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSetting the scene 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is confidential? 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentifiable data 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnonymised data 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePseudonymised data 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKeeping information secure 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInforming patients about possible uses of their health information 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe law on confidentiality and disclosure 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe common law protecting confi dentiality 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData Protection Act 1998 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth and Social Care Act 2012 (England) 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe NHS Future Forum and the review of information governance 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatutory disclosures 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatutory restrictions on disclosure 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Rights Act 1998 (UK-wide) 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNHS Act 2006 (England and Wales) 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparable arrangements in Northern Ireland 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparable arrangements in Scotland 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Misuse Act 1990 (UK-wide) 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of patient information for purposes directly related to care 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsent by patients with capacity 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSharing information with other health professionals 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSharing information with relatives, parents and patients’ friends 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSharing information for social care 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaving phone messages for patients and texting them 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen adults lack capacity 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSharing information to invoke a Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA) 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSharing information with other proxy decision makers 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation sharing when children lack competence 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUses of patient information for purposes indirectly related to care 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary uses of data 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical audit 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinancial audit and other healthcare management purposes 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommissioning agencies’ use of patient information 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeaching 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical research 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic health 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclosures unrelated to health care 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployment, insurance, immigration and social benefits 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReports to insurers and employers 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclosure to government departments 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclosure to the driver and vehicle licensing agency (DVLA) 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReleasing health information to the media 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclosures to identify and address poor health care 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient complaints 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvolving elected representatives 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhistle-blowing about substandard care 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclosure to agencies monitoring standards 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclosure requested by regulatory bodies 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclosures related to crime prevention, detection or prosecution 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclosure to the police and investigatory agencies 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGunshot and knife wounds 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDomestic violence 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbuse of vulnerable adults and minors who lack capacity 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclosure to courts and tribunals 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclosure to solicitors 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisclosures in the public interest 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe confidentiality owed to deceased patients 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors to consider before disclosure 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe needs of the bereaved 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe interests of justice 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvestigations by a coroner or procurator fiscal 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess to records in relation to claims 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreedom of Information Act 2000 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA last word on confidentiality 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Management of health records 211\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSetting the scene 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefining medical records 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManual and electronic patient records 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImages 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisual and sound recordings 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatients who lack capacity (including children) 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecording telephone calls 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking a health record 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat to include in the record 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandardising hospital records 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecording discussion with patients and noting their wishes 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAggressive or threatening behaviour 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat to exclude from the record 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecords made and shared by several professionals 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNational summary records 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanging medical records or adding to them 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisputes about accuracy 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient requests to omit or remove some information 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAltering or tampering 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdding information later to the record 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdding or removing information when the record is shared 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranssexual patients 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdopted patients 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTagging records 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary and secondary uses of records 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary uses of records 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary uses of records 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary uses of children’s records 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing material in publications or other media 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGiving access to patient records and reports 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOwnership of records 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNHS records 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrivate records 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess by patients 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation which should not be disclosed 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess by solicitors 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess by people other than the subject 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess to the records of children and young people 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess to the records of incapacitated adults 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess to the records of deceased persons 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess to reports for insurance or employment 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecurity of data 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe obligation to protect identifi able data 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecords management policies 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransmission of information 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBy fax 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNHSmail 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransfer of information within the NHS 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransfer of GP records 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSending information abroad 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetention and destruction of records 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccessing records after the duty of care has ended 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecommended retention times 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisposal of manual records 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStoring and disposing of recordings 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA last word about records management 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Prescribing and administering medication 241\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSetting the scene 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTalking to patients and obtaining consent 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGiving information about a prescription 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcordance\/medicines adherence 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaking account of patients’ values and religion 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing placebos 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePressure from patients 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatients’ requests for complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRequests for repeat prescriptions 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e‘Lifestyle drugs’ 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing the right product for the patient 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponsibility for prescribing 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical freedom 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing errors 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePressure from employers 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplying with official guidance 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNICE (England and Wales) 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparable arrangements for technology evaluation in Scotland 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArrangements for technology appraisals in Wales 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArrangements for technology appraisals in Northern Ireland 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing and monitoring resources 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e‘Topping up’ NHS treatment 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneric prescribing 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrug switching 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOff-label prescribing and unlicensed drugs 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing drugs off-label to save money 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReporting adverse drug reactions and adverse incidents 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShared prescribing and continuity of care 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing shared between different doctors 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing shared between primary and secondary care 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing shared between the NHS and the private sector 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient group directions (PGDs) 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing shared between doctors and other health professionals 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupplementary prescribing and independent non-medical prescribers 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing shared with practitioners of complementary therapies 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinuity of care 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExchange of information between doctors in referrals and discharge summaries 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing for people at a distance – internet, email or telephone 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing for patients abroad 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescription-only medicines on the internet 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing for different patient groups 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControlled drugs and prescribing for addicts 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing strong opioids for pain in adult palliative care 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of opioids and the principle of double effect 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing for older people 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvolving older people in concordance 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOver-medication of older people 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing for children 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrescribing for oneself, friends or family 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConflicts of interest 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinancial interests in health-related products or services 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOwnership of pharmacies 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDispensing doctors 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGifts and hospitality from pharmaceutical companies 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticipation in market research 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdministering medication 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFollowing guidance and protocols 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen medication needs special safeguards 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCovert medication 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatients with capacity 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatients who lack mental capacity 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA last word about prescribing and administering medicine 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 287\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e“Despite being written for doctors, this is a useful reference for all healthcare professionals and students on the everyday legal issues they may face in their work.”  (\u003ci\u003eNursing Management\u003c\/i\u003e, 21 August 2013)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBMA Medical Ethics Department\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis book is written by medical ethics professionals in consultation with leading medical and legal experts invited by the BMA Medical Ethics Department and in agreement with the General Medical Council guidelines.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eDevelop your skills and confidence in approaching everyday medical ethics and legal issues - from consent to capacity and confidentiality - with this practical guide from the BMA.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eEveryday Medical Ethics and Law\u003c\/i\u003e is a practical guide to the common issues and dilemmas faced by doctors. Drawing upon enquiries to the BMA’s Ethics Department, it is written under the direction of the BMA's Medical Ethics Committee and reviewed by leading medical ethicists and lawyers.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapters cover the doctor-patient relationship, consent, capacity, children and young people, confidentiality, management of health records, and prescribing.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEach chapter is designed for effective learning and teaching with ‘10 things you need to know about...’ introducing the key points of a topic and ‘Setting the scene’ explaining where the issues occur in real life and why doctors need to understand them. Real cases and summary boxes highlight the key issues throughout the text and general principles are supplemented by explanations of how they are applied in different scenarios.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eEveryday Medical Ethics and Law\u003c\/i\u003e provides a practical approach to common ethical and legal issues and is a helpful reference for busy, practising doctors and other health professionals\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Related title\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical Ethics Today, Third Edition\u003cbr\u003e British Medical Association Ethics Department\u003cbr\u003e 9781444337082\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BMJ Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989174108389,"sku":"NP9781118384893","price":54.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118384893.jpg?v=1761783088","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/everyday-medical-ethics-and-law-isbn-9781118384893","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}