{"product_id":"dynamics-of-the-tropical-atmosphere-and-oceans-isbn-9780470662564","title":"Dynamics of the Tropical Atmosphere and Oceans","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThis book presents a unique and comprehensive view of the fundamental dynamical and thermodynamic principles underlying the large circulations of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eDynamics of The Tropical Atmosphere and Oceans\u003c\/i\u003e provides a detailed description of macroscale tropical circulation systems such as the monsoon, the Hadley and Walker Circulations, El Niño, and the tropical ocean warm pool. These macroscale circulations interact with a myriad of higher frequency systems, ranging from convective cloud systems to migrating equatorial waves that attend the low-frequency background flow. Towards understanding and predicting these circulation systems.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA comprehensive overview of the dynamics and thermodynamics of large-scale tropical atmosphere and oceans is presented using both a “reductionist” and “holistic” perspectives of the coupled tropical system. The reductionist perspective provides a detailed description of the individual elements of the ocean and atmospheric circulations. The physical nature of each component of the tropical circulation such as the Hadley and Walker circulations, the monsoon, the incursion of extratropical phenomena into the tropics, precipitation distributions, equatorial waves and disturbances described in detail. The holistic perspective provides a physical description of how the collection of the individual components produces the observed tropical weather and climate. How the collective tropical processes determine the tropical circulation and their role in global weather and climate is provided in a series of overlapping theoretical and modelling constructs.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe structure of the book follows a graduated framework. Following a detailed description of tropical phenomenology, the reader is introduced to dynamical and thermodynamical constraints that guide the planetary climate and establish a critical role for the tropics. Equatorial wave theory is developed for simple and complex background flows, including the critical role played by moist processes. The manner in which the tropics and the extratropics interact is then described, followed by a discussion of the physics behind the subtropical and near-equatorial precipitation including arid regions. The El Niño phenomena and the monsoon circulations are discussed, including their covariance and predictability. Finally, the changing structure of the tropics is discussed in terms of the extent of the tropical ocean warm pool and its relationship to the intensity of global convection and climate change.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eDynamics of the Tropical Atmosphere and Oceans\u003c\/i\u003e is aimed at advanced undergraduate and early career graduate students. It also serves as an excellent general reference book for scientists interested in tropical circulations and their relationship with the broader climate system.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Climatology of the Tropical Atmosphere and Upper Ocean 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 The Growth of Tropical Meteorology 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Seasonal Characteristics 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Macro-Scale Circulations 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 A Myriad of Variability 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Hydrological and Heat Exchange Processes 37\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Water on Earth 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Thermodynamics of Water and Earth’s Climate 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Water and the Tropical System 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Buoyancy, Differential Buoyancy, and the Generation of Horizontal Body Forces 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Integrated Column Heating 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Buoyancy in the Tropical Ocean 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Convection–SST Relationships and the Vertical Scale of Tropical Motions 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Coupled Global Ocean–Atmosphere Synergies 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Synthesis 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Fundamental Processes 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Some Fundamentals of Low-Latitude Atmospheric Dynamics 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Dynamics of the Low-Latitude Upper Ocean 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Kinematics of Equatorial Waves 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Phase and Group Velocities, and Energy Propagation 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Dispersive and Non-dispersive Waves 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Overview 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Fundamental Prototypes of Tropical Systems 115\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 The Laplace Shallow Fluid System 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Upper Ocean 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 A Stratified Atmospheric Model 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Forced and Free Solutions and the Choice of H 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Some Remarks 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Equatorial Waves in Simple Flows 125\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Atmospheric Modes in a Constant Basic State: Constant U 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Atmospheric Waves in Latitudinal Shear Flow: \u003ci\u003eŪ\u003c\/i\u003e = \u003ci\u003eŪ\u003c\/i\u003e(\u003ci\u003ey\u003c\/i\u003e) 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Physics of Equatorial Trapping 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Large-Scale Low-Latitude Ocean Modes 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Overview 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Waves in Longitudinally and Vertically Varying Flows 159\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Horizontal and Vertical Coupling of Equatorial Modes 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Coupled Free and Forced Solutions of the Vertical Structure Equation 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Wave Characteristics in a Zonally Varying Basic State \u003ci\u003eŪ\u003c\/i\u003e = \u003ci\u003eŪ\u003c\/i\u003e(\u003ci\u003ex\u003c\/i\u003e) 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Numerical Substantiation of the Analytic Ray-Tracing Results 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Zonally Varying Basic State and the “Longwave Approximation” 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Vertical Trapping, Accumulation, and Lateral Emanation 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Moist Processes and Large-Scale Tropical Dynamics 185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Convection and Large-Scale Budgets 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Emerging Perspective on Tropical Convection 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Comparison of Observed Waves and Waves from Theory 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Dry and Moist Modes in the Tropics 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Processes 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Synthesis 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Extratropical Influence on the Tropics 205\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Lateral Wave Propagation in a Zonally Symmetric Basic State 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Equatorial Wave Propagation in a Zonally Varying Basic State 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Equatorward Wave Propagation in a Three-Dimensional Basic State 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Overview 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Tropical Influence on the Extratropics: A Zonally Averaged Perspective 223\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Axisymmetric Meridional Circulation Models 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Zonally Averaged Perspective of Meridional Circulations 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Perspective 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 A Tropical–Extratropical Synergy 231\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Mean and Transient Potential Vorticity on the 370 K Isentrope 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Impermeability 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Shallow Fluid Experiments 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Recursively Breaking Rossby Waves 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Conclusions 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Arid and Desert Climates 245\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Dynamics of Deserts 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Radiative and Surface Fluxes 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Diurnal Cycle of Divergence 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Tropospheric Energy Balance 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Nocturnal Stabilization of the Boundary Layer 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Desert–Monsoon Relationships 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Near-Equatorial Precipitation 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Near-Equatorial Distributions of Precipitation 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Dynamic Instabilities Associated with a Cross-Equatorial Pressure Gradient 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Transient States of the Intertropical Convergence Zone 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 The Great Cloud Bands 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Some Conclusions 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Large-Scale, Low-Frequency Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Systems 301\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 The Walker Circulation 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 The Southern Oscillation, El Niño and La Niña 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Indian Ocean Interannual Oscillations 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Intraseasonal Variability in the Tropical Atmosphere 345\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Structure of the Austral Summer ISV 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Variability of Austral Summer ISVs 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Mechanisms 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Conclusions 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Dynamics of the Large-Scale Monsoon 361\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Overview 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Theories of the Monsoon and Its Variability 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Macroscale Structure of the Summer Monsoon 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Macroscale Structure of the Winter Monsoon 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Subseasonal Summer Monsoon Variability 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Higher-Frequency Monsoon Variability 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Some Comments 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 The Coupled Monsoon System 407\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Coupled Characteristics of the Indian Ocean Region 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Processes Determining the Indian Ocean SST 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Do Ocean Heat Fluxes Regulate the Annual Cycle of the Monsoon? 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Variability Within the Coupled Monsoon System 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 An Holistic View of the Monsoon System 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 The Changing Tropics 429\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Tropical Warm Pool 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Circulation Changes 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Summary and Conclusions 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Some Concluding Remarks 445\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A Thermal Wind Relationship 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B Stokes’ Theorem 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C Dry and Moist Thermodynamical Stability 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix D Derivation of the Wave Equation (5.11) 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix E Conservation of Potential Vorticity of Shallow Water System 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix F Solutions to the Vertical Structure Equation for a Constant Lapse Rate Atmosphere 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix G Nonlinear Numerical Model 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix H Derivation of the Potential Vorticity Equation on an Extratropical β-Plane 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix I Derivation of the Barotropic Potential Vorticity Equation (13.25) with Friction and Heating 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix J Steady State Model of the Tropics 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix K Intermediate Ocean Model 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 493\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePeter J. Webster, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor Emeritus in the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at the Georgia Institute of Technology.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdvancing Weather and Climate Science \u003cb\u003eDynamics of the Tropical Atmosphere and Oceans\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ePeter J. Webster\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThis book presents a unique and comprehensive view of the fundamental dynamical and thermodynamic principles underlying the large circulations of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eDynamics of the Tropical Atmosphere and Oceans\u003c\/i\u003e provides a detailed description of macroscale tropical circulation systems such as the monsoon, the Hadley and Walker Circulations, El Niño, and the tropical ocean warm pool. These macroscale circulations interact with a myriad of higher frequency systems, ranging from convective cloud systems to migrating equatorial waves that attend the low-frequency background flow. Towards understanding and predicting these circulation systems. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA comprehensive overview of the dynamics and thermodynamics of large-scale tropical atmosphere and oceans is presented using both a \"reductionist\" and \"holistic\" perspectives of the coupled tropical system. The reductionist perspective provides a detailed description of the individual elements of the ocean and atmospheric circulations. The physical nature of each component of the tropical circulation such as the Hadley and Walker circulations, the monsoon, the incursion of extratropical phenomena into the tropics, precipitation distributions, equatorial waves and disturbances described in detail. The holistic perspective provides a physical description of how the collection of the individual components produces the observed tropical weather and climate. How the collective tropical processes determine the tropical circulation and their role in global weather and climate is provided in a series of overlapping theoretical and modelling constructs. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe structure of the book follows a graduated framework. Following a detailed description of tropical phenomenology, the reader is introduced to dynamical and thermodynamical constraints that guide the planetary climate and establish a critical role for the tropics. Equatorial wave theory is developed for simple and complex background flows, including the critical role played by moist processes. The manner in which the tropics and the extratropics interact is then described, followed by a discussion of the physics behind the subtropical and near-equatorial precipitation including arid regions. The El Niño phenomena and the monsoon circulations are discussed, including their covariance and predictability. Finally, the changing structure of the tropics is discussed in terms of the extent of the tropical ocean warm pool and its relationship to the intensity of global convection and climate change. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eDynamics of the Tropical Atmosphere and Oceans\u003c\/i\u003e is aimed at advanced undergraduate and early career graduate students. It also serves as an excellent general reference book for scientists interested in tropical circulations and their relationship with the broader climate system.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989093204197,"sku":"NP9780470662564","price":133.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470662564.jpg?v=1761782767","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/dynamics-of-the-tropical-atmosphere-and-oceans-isbn-9780470662564","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}