{"product_id":"diagnostic-tests-toolkit-isbn-9780470657584","title":"Diagnostic Tests Toolkit","description":"Diagnostic Tests Toolkit \u003cp\u003eDiagnostic Tests Toolkit \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinding the evidence for diagnostic tests \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEstablishing an evidence-based methodology to assess the effectiveness of diagnostic tests has posed problems for many years. Now that the framework is in place health professionals can find and appraise the evidence for themselves. With \u003ci\u003eDiagnostic Tests Toolkit\u003c\/i\u003e clinicians and junior researchers can interpret the evidence for the effectiveness of different types of diagnostic tests, or develop their own research using the successful ‘step-by-step’ format of the Toolkit series. Written by renowned clinical researchers, this is the first basic guide to evidence-based diagnosis. It is equally valuable to starters in clinical research and those needing a quick refresher on the core elements of evidence-based diagnosis.  \u003cb\u003eAcknowledgements, viii\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction, ix\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Diagnosis in evidence-based medicine, 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis and screening, 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScreening, 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymptoms, 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSigns and elicited symptoms, 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBedside or point-of-care testing, 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaboratory tests, 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic structure of studies of diagnostic tests, 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading, 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Evaluating new diagnostic tests, 6\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechnical accuracy (‘Can it work?’), 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlace in the clinical pathway (‘Where does the test fi t in the existing clinical pathway?’), 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbility of the test to diagnose or exclude the target condition (‘Does it work in patients?’), 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe effect of the test on patient outcomes (‘Are patients better off?’), 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCost-effectiveness (‘Is it worth the cost?’), 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading, 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Asking an answerable clinical question, 16\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefining a clinical question for diagnostic tests – PIRT, 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading, 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 Finding the evidence: how to get the most from your searching, 18\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombine textwords and thesaurus, 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSearch filters for diagnostic accuracy studies, 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading, 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Selecting relevant studies, 22\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelecting relevant studies, 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing validity, 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is the difference between \u003ci\u003ebias\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003evariability\u003c\/i\u003e in diagnostic studies?, 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ‘ideal’ diagnostic study, 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlow charts of patients, 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Sources of bias in diagnostic studies, 26\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpectrum bias (also known as selection bias), 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVerification bias (also called referral or work-up bias), 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorporation bias, 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObserver (or test review bias) bias, 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferential reference bias (double gold standard), 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat are the effects of the different design-related biases?, 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading, 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Measures of discrimination of diagnostic tests, 34\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo by two tables, 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutcome measures, 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhich measure should you use and why?, 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe effect of prevalence on predictive values, 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of time on diagnostic accuracy, 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of severity of the target condition on diagnostic accuracy, 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe referral fi lter, 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRules of thumb for interpreting likelihood ratios, 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading, 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Using diagnostic information in clinical practice, 53\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValidity of data, 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem-solving strategies that clinicians use in diagnosis, 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAction thresholds versus testing thresholds (‘Will the test change my management?’), 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods for combining test results, 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultivariable analyses, 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow are clinical prediction rules developed?, 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to select a prediction rule for clinical practice, 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading, 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Screening tests, 66\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat are screening tests?, 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferent types of screening, 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeal study design for screening tests, 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOver-diagnosis, 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading, 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Systematic reviews of diagnostic test  accuracy studies, 75\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe research question, 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe literature search, 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssess the quality of individual studies included in the review, 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummarizing the results of diagnostic studies, 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombining data and interpreting meta-analyses of diagnostic studies, 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements, 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading, 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 1 Evidence-based medicine – a glossary of terms, 90\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 2 Further reading, 96\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBooks, 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUseful websites, 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUseful journal articles, 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIndex, 98\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMatthew Thompson \u003c\/b\u003e| Oxford Centre for Monitoring and Diagnosis, Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK \u0026amp; Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health \u0026amp; Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnn Van den Bruel \u003c\/b\u003e| Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSeries Editors: Carl Heneghan\u003c\/b\u003e, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford, UK, \u003cb\u003eRafael Perera,\u003c\/b\u003e Department of Primary Care, University of Oxford, UK; \u003cb\u003eDouglas Badenoch, \u003c\/b\u003eMinervation Ltd, Edinburgh, UK  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiagnostic Tests Toolkit\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinding the evidence for diagnostic tests \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEstablishing an evidence-based methodology to assess the effectiveness of diagnostic tests has posed problems for many years. Now that the framework is in place health professionals can find and appraise the evidence for themselves. With \u003ci\u003eDiagnostic Tests Toolkit\u003c\/i\u003e clinicians and junior researchers can interpret the evidence for the effectiveness of different types of diagnostic tests, or develop their own research using the successful ‘step-by-step’ format of the Toolkit series. Written by renowned clinical researchers, this is the first basic guide to evidence-based diagnosis. It is equally valuable to starters in clinical research and those needing a quick refresher on the core elements of evidence-based diagnosis.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BMJ Books","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989058109669,"sku":"NP9780470657584","price":32.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470657584.jpg?v=1761782619","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/diagnostic-tests-toolkit-isbn-9780470657584","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}