{"product_id":"current-practice-in-forensic-medicine-isbn-9780470744871","title":"Current Practice in Forensic Medicine","description":"Although forensic medicine has been in existence for centuries in one guise or another, it is only with the recent growth in international research that it has begun to be acknowledged as a specific discipline in its own right. Many areas of progress are being made and this text aims to provide a unique, in-depth and critical update on selected topics that are of direct relevance to those practicing in the field including lawyers, police, medical and dental practitioners, forensic scientists and postgraduate\/undergraduate medical students and undergraduate law students preparing for forensic medicine examinations.  \u003cp\u003eThis volume is designed to cover the wider aspects of forensic medicine, including the law, science, medicine (forensic pathology, clinical forensic medicine and forensic psychiatry) and dentistry. Topics covered include subjects of debate and\/or uncertainty in areas where significant advances have been made and in those of current relevance to the forensic profession, Chapters provide a variety of approaches to the areas under discussion with reviews of current knowledge, information on significant changes and pointers to the future that the reader should be aware of.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeatures:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAn authoritative review, for forensic medicine practitioners throughout the world, from leading international experts in the field.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides critical commentary and updates on current practice.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTopics include: a guide to the presentation of forensic medical evidence, bioterrorism, the paediatric hymen, assessment and interpretation of bone trauma in children, adult sexual assault, genital photography, forensic photography, common errors in injury interpretation, self-inflicted injuries and associated psychological profiles, bite marks and the role of the pathologist in aviation disasters.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes a wealth of four colour figures to illustrate key points discussed within the text.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter One: Expert evidence and healthcare professionals 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe adversarial system of justice 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpert reports 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvidentiary exclusionary rules 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre-trial preparation for expert witnesses 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppearance 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTimeliness 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGiving of evidence 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManaging cross-examination 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter Two: Forensic investigation of biological weapon use 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA choice of words 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThreat assessments 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresenting features 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForensic microbiology or microbial forensics? 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssembling evidence from emerging infectious disease biology 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrent constraints 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter Three: The paediatric hymen 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudies of normal anatomy 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudies of genital findings in sexually abused girls 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudies of acute injuries as they heal 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA consideration of test reliability 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting it all together 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter Four: Assessment and interpretation of bone trauma in children 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow should I evaluate suspected bone trauma in children? 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat radiological investigations identify bone trauma? 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow do X-rays detect fractures? 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow does ultrasound detect bone injury? 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow do nuclear medicine scans detect bone injury? 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow does MRI detect bone injury? 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow are medical images presented and shared? 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat forces cause bones to fracture? 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAre some bone injuries diagnostic of child abuse? 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat do we know about bone healing in children? 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat tests detect fragile bones? 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeonates with fractures: what are the special considerations? 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCan the time of bone injury be determined? 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy might an X-ray be reported as normal when bone trauma exists? 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy might an ultrasound appear normal when bone trauma exists? 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy might a nuclear medicine scan appear normal when bone trauma exists? 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy might an X-ray appear abnormal when no bone trauma exists? 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy might a nuclear medicine scan appear abnormal when no bone trauma exists? 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow do I deal with correctly interpreted but discordant imaging findings? 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. Why might an X-ray appear normal and bone scan ‘hot’ when bone trauma exists? 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB. Why might a fracture seem obvious on plain X-ray but bone scan is ‘cold’ when bone trauma exists? 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen and why should I repeat X-rays? 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow does the process of forming a forensic medical opinion differ from the process of diagnosis in clinical medicine? 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy do I need to be aware of my level of confidence in my medical diagnosis? 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat factors should I consider when forming a diagnostic opinion about the cause of a child’s fracture? 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter Five: Adult sexual assault 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexual assault settings and characteristics 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFindings after sexual assault 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxicology and sexual assault 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForensic science and sexual assault 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment after sexual assault 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter Six: The ethical and medical aspects of photodocumenting genital injury 123\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexual assault 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImaging the body in the history of medicine 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhotography 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe evolution of the photography of genital injury 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA particular Australian’s experience 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthics of care 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy no ethical objection to children being photographed? 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe difference that being a child makes and its relevance 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvancing the question of best ethical practice 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical forensic medicine and sexual assault 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter Seven: The photography of injuries 159\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe image 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquipment 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIllumination 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolarizing filters 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForensic scales 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe photography of an injury 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe colour control or reference 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCross-polarized photography 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReflected ultraviolet 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfrared 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong wave ultraviolet-induced fluorescence 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImaging file format 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe audit trail 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter Eight: DNA analysis: Current practice and problems 193\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA collection and storage 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA extraction 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA quantification 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA amplification 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA separation and detection 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA genotyping 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard loci sets and commercial STR kits 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical evaluation of a DNA match 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing STR profiles 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixtures of DNA 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDegraded DNA 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow-template DNA 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther genetic markers 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTissue identification 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of DNA in the criminal justice system 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter Nine: Injury interpretation: Possible errors and fallacies 239\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInjury visualization 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhotography 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAging of injuries 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForce of injury 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical limitations and considerations 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenito-anal injuries in the adult 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChild abuse 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-inflicted injury 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther specialist opinions 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOpinions 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to avoid errors 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter Ten: Self-inflicted injuries and associated psychological profiles 273\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForensic aspects of self-harm 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychiatric aspects of self-harm 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpidemiology 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification of self-harm 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe clinical dilemma 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong-term outcome 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter Eleven: Bite marks 291\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction and cautionary remarks 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnimal bites 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther injuries mimicking bites 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBites in foodstuffs 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamination of injuries in the dead 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamination of the living 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamination of the suspect 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrends in bite-mark analysis 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgement 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter Twelve: Aviation disasters: The role of the forensic pathologist 309\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe scene 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe autopsy 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstablishing the cause of death 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCircumstances surrounding death 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForensic pathology report 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 323\u003c\/p\u003e  \"This being said, given the challenges in locating an expert willing and able to be called by the defence on an issue involving forensic medicine, this text would certainly be a valuable addition to the criminal practitioner's library.\" (For the Defence, 2012)  \u003cp\u003e\"If you find this book up your street and valuable, as many of you will, look out for more: The editors intend there to be a follow up ‘regular multi volume text addressing recent advances in the practice of forensic medicine'.\" (Expert Witness Newsletter, 1 March 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"All in all, a very useful book. I would highly recommend this book not only to all forensic physicians, but to everyone practicing in this field. I would imagine that his book would be highly useful for lawyers, police, medical and dental practitioners, forensic scientists. I would also recommend this book to all undergraduate and postgraduate law and medical students preparing for forensic medicine examinations.\" (Anil Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 1 January 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Most of the topics are extremely useful for newly trained and in-training forensic pathologists. The book provides a concise summary of controversial topics with good references, although some chapters are less pertinent.\" (Doody's, 14 October 2011)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"The editors of this text have compiled an authoritative review of the topic, with contributions from leading international experts in the field. They provide enough detail about the forensic sciences to give practitioners some insight into these areas without attempting to turn them into experts.\" (Sydney Forensic Medicine and Science Network, 2011)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Edited and written by leading international experts in the field, this in depth guide will provide an invaluable and authoritative, critique of topical areas of forensic medicine that are of key interest to practitioners throughout the world.\" (PR-Inside.com, 22 February 2011)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003eJOHN GALL\u003c\/b\u003e is a forensic physician in private practice, Director of Southern Medical Services, Principal of Era Health and is a staff specialist Forensic Physician in the Victorian Paediatric Forensic Medical Service, located at the Royal Children's Hospital and Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne. He is a member of the International Editorial Board of the \u003ci\u003eJournal of Legal and Forensic Medicine\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eInternet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology\u003c\/i\u003e. He has published widely in the field of clinical forensic medicine and has spent many years teaching forensic medicine to undergraduates and graduates. \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJASON PAYNE-JAMES\u003c\/b\u003e is a forensic physician. He is Honorary Senior Lecturer, Cameron Forensic Medical Sciences, Barts \u0026amp; the London School of Medicine \u0026amp; Dentistry, University of London, UK. He is Director of Forensic Healthcare Services Ltd. He is external Consultant to the National Policing Improvement Agency and to the National Injuries Database in the UK. He is Editor-in-Chief of the \u003ci\u003eJournal of Forensic \u0026amp; Legal Medicine\u003c\/i\u003e. He has published widely in the field of clinical forensic medicine. He has also co-edited, co-authored and contributed to numerous books in the field including \u003ci\u003eBlack, Aggrawal and Payne-James: 'Age Estimation in the Living'\u003c\/i\u003e 2010 (Wiley Blackwell).\u003c\/p\u003e  Although forensic medicine has been in existence for centuries in one guise or another, it is only with the recent growth in international research that it has begun to be acknowledged as a specific discipline in its own right. Many areas of progress are being made and this text aims to provide a unique, in-depth and critical update on selected topics that are of direct relevance to those practicing in the field including lawyers, police, medical and dental practitioners, forensic scientists and postgraduate\/undergraduate medical students and undergraduate law students preparing for forensic medicine examinations.  \u003cp\u003eThis volume is designed to cover the wider aspects of forensic medicine, including the law, science, medicine (forensic pathology, clinical forensic medicine and forensic psychiatry) and dentistry. Topics covered include subjects of debate and\/or uncertainty in areas where significant advances have been made and in those of current relevance to the forensic profession, Chapters provide a variety of approaches to the areas under discussion with reviews of current knowledge, information on significant changes and pointers to the future that the reader should be aware of.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeatures:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAn authoritative review, for forensic medicine practitioners throughout the world, from leading international experts in the field.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides critical commentary and updates on current practice.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTopics include: a guide to the presentation of forensic medical evidence, bioterrorism, the paediatric hymen, assessment and interpretation of bone trauma in children, adult sexual assault, genital photography, forensic photography, common errors in injury interpretation, self-inflicted injuries and associated psychological profiles, bite marks and the role of the pathologist in aviation disasters.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes a wealth of four colour figures to illustrate key points discussed within the text.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989016101093,"sku":"NP9780470744871","price":113.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470744871.jpg?v=1761782446","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/current-practice-in-forensic-medicine-isbn-9780470744871","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}