{"product_id":"construction-science-and-materials-isbn-9781119245056","title":"Construction Science and Materials","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eConstruction Science \u0026amp; Materials\u003c\/i\u003e is designed to cover topics studied at levels 2 – 5 on Construction HND courses and is also suitable for first year undergraduates on construction courses as well as Building surveying, Architectural Technology and Quantity Surveying. It is an essential text for those who have done no science since their GCSEs.\u003cbr\u003eDivided into 17 chapters, each with written explanations supplemented by solved examples and relevant diagrams to substantiate the text. Chapters end with numerical questions covering a range of problems and their answers are given at the end of the book and on the book’s website.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the second edition xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the companion website xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction to Physics 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Speed and Velocity 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Acceleration 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Mass 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Gravitation 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Weight 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Volume 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Density 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Specific Gravity 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Newton’s First Law of Motion 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Newton’s Second Law of Motion 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 Newton’s Third Law of Motion 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12 Friction 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.13 Work 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.14 Energy 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.14.1 Potential Energy 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.14.2 Kinetic Energy 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.15 Power 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 1.1 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference\/Further reading 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Introduction to chemistry 13\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Electrovalency and covalency 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Covalent Bond 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Elements and Compounds 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Symbols and Formulae 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Acids and bases 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Acids 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Bases 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 2.1 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\/Further reading 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Effects of Chemicals and the Atmosphere on Materials 25\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Oxidation 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Experiment: To Show that Oxygen (Or Air) and Water are Necessary for the Rusting of Iron 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Electrolysis 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Electrolytic Corrosion 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Examples of Electrolytic Corrosion 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Protection of Steel from Corrosion 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Applications of Electrolysis 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Electroplating 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Extraction of Aluminium 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Acid rain 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\/Further Reading 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Electricity 35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Coulomb’s law 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Electric current 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Potential difference 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Electromotive force (e.m.f.) 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Ohm’s law 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Electrical resistivity and conductivity 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Resistors in Series\/Parallel 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1 Resistors in series 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2 Resistors in parallel 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Transformers 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Power generation 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Power distribution 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12 Supply to small buildings 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 4.1 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference\/Further reading 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Introduction to Construction Technology 51\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Substructure and Superstructure 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Soil investigation 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Foundations 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Settlement 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Forms of Construction 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 The External Envelope 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Functions of the External Envelope 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Ground Floors 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Cavity Walls 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4 Suspended Timber Upper Floors 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.5 Roofs 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\/Further Reading 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Introduction to Building Services 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Cold Water Supply 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Hot Water Supply 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Central Heating Systems 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Underfloor Heating Systems 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Drainage Systems 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Below‐ground Drainage System 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Above‐ground Drainage System 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Integration of Services into Building Design 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\/Further Reading 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Thermal Energy 1 73\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Temperature 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Temperature Scales 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Units of Heat 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 States of Matter 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Changes in the Physical State 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Experiment: The Physical States of Water 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Expansion and Contraction of Solids 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Linear Expansion 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Experiment: Determination of Coefficient of Linear Expansion 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Practical Examples of Expansion and Contraction 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Heat Transfer 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Conduction 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Experiment: To Compare the Thermal Conductivity of Metals 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3 Convection 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.4 Radiation 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 7.1 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\/Further Reading 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Thermal Energy 2 (Including Humidity) 87\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Thermal Insulation 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Experiment: To Compare the Thermal Insulation Values of Expanded Polystyrene, Vermiculite, Mineral Wool, Glass Fibre and Cork 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Heat Transmission 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Thermal Conductivity 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Thermal Resistivity (r) 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Thermal Resistance (R) 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Thermal Transmittance 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Heat Loss from Buildings 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Temperature Drop Through Materials 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Humidity 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7.1 Measurement of Relative Humidity 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Condensation 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.1 The Psychrometric Chart 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.2 Prevention of Surface Condensation 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.3 Interstitial Condensation 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 8.1 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\/Further Reading 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Forces and Structures 1 119\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Force 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Internal and External Forces 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Bending 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Deflection 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Types of Loading 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Dead Load 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Imposed Load 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Wind Load 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Loading from other Effects 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.5 Point Load 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.6 Uniformly Distributed Load 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.7 Triangular Load 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Stress and Strain 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Stress 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Strain 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Elasticity 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Experiment 1: Proof of Hooke’s Law 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Experiment 2: Proof of Hooke’s Law 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.3 Factor of Safety 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 9.1 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\/Further Reading 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Forces and structures 2 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Moment of a force 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Sign convention 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Laws of equilibrium 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Analysis of beams 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Beam reactions 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Shear force (S.F.) 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Bending moment (B.M.) 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Triangle of forces 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Bow’s notation 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Frames and roof trusses 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 10.1 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\/Further reading 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Forces and structures 3 171\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Beams 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Tension and compression in beams 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Shear 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Deflection 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Lateral buckling 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Reinforced concrete (R.C.) beams 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Shear reinforcement 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Steel beams 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Bending 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Plastic hinge 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Shear 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Timber joists 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Failures in Timber Joists 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Lateral buckling 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Slabs 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Columns 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1 Slenderness ratio 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2 Effective height of columns 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.3 Eccentric loading on columns 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.4 Steel columns 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.5 Reinforced Concrete Columns 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Foundations 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.1 Strip foundation 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.2 Pad foundation 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.3 Other foundations 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\/Further reading 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Fluid mechanics 193\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Pressure of fluids at rest 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Why do Liquids Flow? 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Centre of pressure 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 The flow of a fluid 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Flow rate 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Bernoulli’s theorem 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 The venturimeter 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.4 Flow in pipes: Energy loss 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.5 Flow in Open Channels 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 12.1 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\/Further reading 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Sound 211\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Frequency, wavelength and velocity of sound 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Frequency (f) 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Wavelength (λ) 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3 Velocity (v) 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Measurement of sound 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Threshold values of sound 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 The Decibel Scale 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Addition of Sound Levels 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Approximate addition of Sound Levels 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Transmission of sound in buildings 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Noise 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2 Requirements of Sound Insulation 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.3 Sound‐Insulation Techniques 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.4 Noise in a workplace 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.5 Measurement of Sound Insulation 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Sound absorption 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 Reverberation 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2 Reverberation time 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.3 Types of Sound Absorbers 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Sound‐level Meter 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 13.1 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\/Further reading 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Light 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Additive and Subtractive Colours 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Measuring light 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Angular measure 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Solid angle 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3 Luminous intensity (I) 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.4 Luminous flux (F) 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.5 Illuminance (E) 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.6 Luminance 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Inverse Square Law of Illuminance 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Lambert’s Cosine Law of Illuminance 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Lamps and luminaires 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Design of Interior Lighting 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.1 Light Output Ratio 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.2 Direct ratio 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.3 Room index 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.4 Reflection of light 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.5 Level of illuminance 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.6 Utilisation factor (UF) 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.7 Maintenance factor (MF) 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.8 Lumen Design Method 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7.9 SHR 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Light meter 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 Daylighting 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.1 Uniform sky 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.2 CIE Standard Overcast Sky 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.3 Daylight factor 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercise 14.1 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\/Further reading 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Human Comfort 265\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Temperature 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Air Temperature 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Mean Radiant Temperature 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Environmental Temperature 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Dry Resultant Temperature 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5 Activity 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.6 Clothing 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Air movement 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Humidity 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Ventilation 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Predicted Mean Vote 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Noise 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Lighting 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\/Further Reading 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Construction materials 273\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Bricks 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Clay bricks 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Size 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.3 Classification 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.4 Manufacture 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.5 Properties 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.6 Deterioration of brickwork 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.7 Environmental implications 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.8 COSHH 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Aerated Concrete Blocks 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Manufacture 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Size 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.3 Properties 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.4 Environmental implications 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Cement 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.1 Raw materials 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.2 Manufacture 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.3 Setting and hardening of cement 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.4 Constituents of Portland Cement 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.5 Types of cement 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.6 Compressive strength 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.7 Environmental implications 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.8 COSHH 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Concrete 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.1 Raw materials 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.2 Manufacture of concrete 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.3 Concrete mix 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.4 Properties of Fresh Concrete 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.5 Properties of Hardened Concrete 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.6 Deterioration of concrete 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.7 Environmental implications 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Metals 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.1 Ferrous metals 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.2 Non‐Ferrous Metal: Aluminium 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Timber 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7.1 Seasoning 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7.2 Properties 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7.3 Deterioration 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7.4 Preservation 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7.5 Environmental implications 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Plastics 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.1 Raw Materials and Manufacture 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.2 Classification 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8.3 Properties and uses 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Glass 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.1 Properties 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9.2 Types of glass 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\/Further reading 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Assignments 307\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Assignments for Level 2 courses 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.1 Assignment No. 1 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.2 Assignment No. 2 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1.3 Assignment No. 3 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Assignments for Level 3\/4 courses 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 Assignment No. 1 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2 Assignment No. 2 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.3 Assignment No. 3 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1 Formulae for Example 8.2 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 2 Solutions for Example 13.10 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 3 Answers to exercises 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSURINDER SINGH VIRDI\u003c\/b\u003e is a lecturer in construction at South and City College Birmingham and visiting lecturer at City of Wolverhampton College. He worked as a civil and structural engineer for a number of years before starting his career in further and higher education. He has been teaching construction science, environmental science, mathematics, ICT and CAD on BTEC National and Higher National courses for over 25 years.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eConstruction Science and Materials is a core unit on all programmes offered by Pearson in the fields of construction, civil engineering and building services. It is also a core unit on City and Guilds’ level 3 Construction Techbac. The unit deals with a range of topics on construction science, structural mechanics and constructional materials; this new edition of \u003ci\u003eConstruction Science and Materials\u003c\/i\u003e covers these topic areas and provides detailed information in a user-friendly format.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe initial chapters of the book are devoted to some key concepts in physics, chemistry, construction technology and building services to provide underpinning knowledge for more complex topics. The topics are arranged into 17 chapters, each with written explanations supplemented by well-annotated diagrams and relevant solved examples. Students can check their learning by solving questions from the end-of-chapter exercises and reviewing answers at the end of the book and on the book’s website. The book also includes extracts from British Standards, Building Regulations and construction companies' trade literature to provide information on recent developments in science, structures and building materials.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudents will find in this book all the information, explanations, exercises and assignments to empower them with the knowledge and skills to complete the relevant unit – BTEC Construction Science and Mathematics (Level 2) as well as Construction Science and Materials (Levels 3\/4\/5).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOther books of interest\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eEnergy Audits: A Workbook for Energy Management in Buildings\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTarik Al-Shemmeri\u003cbr\u003ePaperback ISBN 978-0-470-65608-2\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eBuilding Science: Concepts and Application\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eJens Pohl\u003cbr\u003ePaperback ISBN 978-0-470-65573-3\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book's companion website is at \u003cb\u003ewww.wiley.com\/go\/virdiconstructionscience2e\u003c\/b\u003e you will find here valuable material designed to enhance your learning, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFully worked solutions to the exercises at the ends of chapters\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eModel answers for the assignment tasks set in Chapter 17\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExplanations of settlement and consolidation in structures; details on the design of building foundations and daylight calculations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA task + solution on the design of timber joists\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePowerPoint slides for lecturers on: Hooke’s Law; Forces and their Effects; Temperature and Heat Loss\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47988979269861,"sku":"NP9781119245056","price":47.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119245056.jpg?v=1761782295","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/construction-science-and-materials-isbn-9781119245056","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}