{"product_id":"conductors-semiconductors-insulators-and-crystal-growth-technology-isbn-9781394339853","title":"Conductors, Semiconductors, Insulators, and Crystal-Growth Technology","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn expert discussion of the physics underlying the electrical industrial use of metals and semiconductors\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eConductors, Semiconductors, Insulators, and Crystal-Growth Technology,\u003c\/i\u003e distinguished nuclear science researcher, Zeev Burshtein, delivers a comprehensive discussion of the most relevant aspects of solid-state physics, basic devices, and material preparation. The book details the evaluation of content, beginning with solid materials and including the physics occurring in solids, the translation of resulting properties into devices, and explanations of how to prepare solid materials for electronic and optical applications. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBurshtein also includes features appendices with additional material, as well as complete discussions of crystal-growth technology intertwined with explanations of the underlying physical applications of grown crystals. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReaders will also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e A thorough introduction to solid-state structure, crystal lattice vibrations, and free electrons in metals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Comprehensive explorations of semiconductor basics, charge-carriers under thermal equilibrium, and charge-carrier dynamics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Practical discussions of field-effect devices, radiation and light detectors, and passive optical components\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Complete treatments of the history of grown crystals, solidification processes, furnace design technology, and crystal growing methods\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerfect for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics, electronics engineering, and materials engineering, \u003ci\u003eConductors, Semiconductors, Insulators, and Crystal-Growth Technology\u003c\/i\u003e will also benefit electronics and materials engineers involved in research and development of related technologies. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntroduction xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 Solid State Structure 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Crystalline Lattice 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Indication of Crystal Planes and Orientations 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 The Reciprocal Lattice 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 X-ray Diffraction by Crystals 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises for Chapter 1 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 Crystal Lattice Vibrations 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Dispersion Curves of Lattice Vibrations 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Solids Specific Heat 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Energy Quantization of a Harmonic Oscillator 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Einstein’s Model of Solids Specific Heat 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Debye Model of Solids Specific Heat 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 A Reminder: Standing and Propagating Waves; Group and Phase Velocity 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises for Chapter 2 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 Free Electrons in Metals 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Free Electron Density of States 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Fermi–Dirac Distribution 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Fermi Energy in Metals 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Thermionic Emission 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 The Photoelectric Effect 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Electrical Conductivity and Mobility 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Galvanomagnetic Effects: Cyclotron Motion and Hall Effect 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Cyclotron Motion 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.2 Hall Effect 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Appendices on Metals’ Physical Properties and Applications 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.1 Work Functions of Metals 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.2 Photomultipliers 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.2.1 Single-Photon Counting 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.2.2 Photomultiplier Responsivity Under Continuous Light Intensity 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.3 Electron Guns 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises for Chapter 3 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 Preliminary Concepts Regarding Semiconductors 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Dispersion Curves of Electrons in Solids 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Electron Motion Under External Electric Fields 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Electrical Conductivity and Charge Carrier Mobility 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises for Chapter 4 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 Charge Carriers Under Thermal Equilibrium 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Fundamentals of Energy Band Structure 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Electrical Conduction and Hall Effect 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Impurities and Crystalline Defects 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Fermi–Dirac Distribution and Charge Carrier Concentrations 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises for Chapter 5 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 Charge Carrier Dynamics 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Charge Carrier Lifetime 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Trapping and Recombination Cross Sections 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Radiative Transitions 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Vibrational Transitions 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Auger Process 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Charge-Carriers Drift and Diffusion 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Quasi-Fermi Energy 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Transient Currents 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 The Continuity Equations 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Dielectric Relaxation 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Charge Carrier Transit 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3.1 Excess Charge Carrier Drift in an Insulating Semiconductor 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3.2 Small Excess Charge Carrier Drift in a Conducting Material 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3.3 Small Excess Charge Carrier Drift in a Semiconductor 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3.4 Steady Excitation of a Narrow Region with no External Electric Field 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3.5 Steady Excitation of a Narrow Region Under a High External Electric Field 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3.6 Transient Excitation in a Narrow Region Under a High External Electric Field 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Space-Charge Limited Currents 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Constant Space-Charge Limited Current 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Transient Space-Charge Limited Current 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises for Chapter 6 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 p–n Junction-Based Devices 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 The p–n Junction 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 A Rectifying Diode 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Current Breakdown Under Reverse Voltage 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Introduction 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Zener Breakdown 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Avalanche Breakdown 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Zener Diode 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Diode Lasers 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Introduction 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Physical Principles of Laser Operation 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Gallium-Arsenide Based Diode Laser 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3.1 Reflection Loss in the Laser Resonator 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3.2 Diffraction Loss in a Laser Resonance Cavity 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Illuminated p–n Junctions 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Bipolar Junction Transistor 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Voltage Amplification Circuit 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises for Chapter 7 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 Field-Effect Devices 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Space-Charge Layer at a Crystal Surface 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Surface States 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Contact Potential 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 An External Voltage 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Field-Effect Transistor (FET) 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 A Source-Follower Circuit 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises for Chapter 8 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 Radiation and Light Detectors 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Gamma and X-rays Radiation Detectors 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Fundamental Construction of a Gamma and X-rays Detector 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Mechanisms of Charge Carrier Generation 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Charge Carrier Collection Issues 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.4 Various Technological Considerations 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Light Detectors 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Light Detection by Photoconductivity 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Mercury Cadmium Telluride Detectors for the 8–14 μm Range 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2.1 Determination of the Cutoff Wavelength 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2.2 Response Time Determination 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2.3 Diffusion Range and Optimal Detector Thickness 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2.4 Calculation of a Detector Dark Resistance 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2.5 Calculation of a Detector Responsivity 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2.6 Calculation of a Detector-Specific Detectivity 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises for Chapter 9 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 Passive Optical Components 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Use of Germanium as a Passive Optical Material 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Preamble 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Optical Absorption in Germanium 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.1 Lattice Absorption 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.2 Impurities Absorption 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.3 Free (Mobile) Charge Carrier Absorption 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Optical Quality Assessment of Grown Germanium Parts 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3.1 Conductivity Type Probing Using a Hot Electrical Contact 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3.2 Four-Point Probe for Specific Resistivity Measurement 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3.3 Absorption Coefficient Determination Using Optical Transmission Measurement 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises for Chapter 10 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 History of Crystals Growing and Basic Concepts 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Historic Notes on Crystals Growing 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Relevant Scales Related to Crystals 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Definition of a Single Crystal 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 The Essence of Crystal Growing 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 Solidification Processes 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Homogeneous Nucleation 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Heterogeneous Nucleation 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Layered Growing 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Rough and Smooth Growth Surfaces 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Temkin multilayer Model 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Occurrence of Facets on Grown Crystals 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Solidification Dynamics 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Segregation 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Pfann’s Normal Freezing Relation 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Zone Refining 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Diffusion-Controlled Oriented Solidification 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Constitutional Supercooling 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11 Factors Affecting the Segregation Coefficient 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.1 Size Compensation 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.2 Charge Compensation 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises for Chapter 12 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 Furnace Construction Technology 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Preamble 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Crucibles 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Crystal Growth Atmosphere 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Heating Methods 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Electrical Insulators 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Thermal Insulators 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Contacts Between Materials 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Temperature Measurement 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Temperature Control Methods 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 Temperature Programming 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.11 Open-Circuit and Closed-Circuit Control 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.12 General Behavior of a Temperature-Controlled System 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.13 Failures Protection 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises for Chapter 13 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 Crystal Growth Methods 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Preamble 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Choosing the Nutrient Phase 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Phase Diagram-Based Conclusions 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Single-Crystal Growth from Melt 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Growth Inside a Crucible or an Ampoule 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Growth Outside a Crucible or an Ampoule 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Vapor Growing of Single Crystals 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises for Chapter 14 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 Examples of Single-Crystal Growth and Mechanical Processing 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Preamble 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Growth of Neodymium-YAG (Nd:YAG) for Lasers 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Introduction 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Raw Material Preparation 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Single-Crystal Seed Preparation 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 The Nd:YAG Single-Crystal Growth 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5 Quality Control of a Grown Crystal 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Growth of Zinc Cadmium Telluride Crystals as Substrates and X-ray Detectors 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Introduction 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Structure and Physical Properties of CdTe and CdZnTe Crystals 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Growth of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystals 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.4 Quality Control of Grown Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystals 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Crystal Processing 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Preamble 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Crystal Cutting 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.3 Crystals Polishing and Brushing Up 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises for Chapter 15 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A Greek Alphabet and Phonetic Names 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B Table of Physical Constants 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C Literature References for Further Reading 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 269\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eZeev Burshtein, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is a former member of the Nuclear Research Center, Negev. He’s a teacher and instructor of PhD students in the Materials Engineering department at Ben Gurion University, Be’er Sheva, Israel. He is a former Chief Advisor of the Israeli Minister of Science and Technology.    \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn expert discussion of the physics underlying the electrical industrial use of metals and semiconductors\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eConductors, Semiconductors, Insulators, and Crystal-Growth Technology,\u003c\/i\u003e distinguished nuclear science researcher, Zeev Burshtein, delivers a comprehensive discussion of the most relevant aspects of solid-state physics, basic devices, and material preparation. The book details the evaluation of content, beginning with solid materials and including the physics occurring in solids, the translation of resulting properties into devices, and explanations of how to prepare solid materials for electronic and optical applications. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBurshtein also includes features appendices with additional material, as well as complete discussions of crystal-growth technology intertwined with explanations of the underlying physical applications of grown crystals. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReaders will also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e A thorough introduction to solid-state structure, crystal lattice vibrations, and free electrons in metals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Comprehensive explorations of semiconductor basics, charge-carriers under thermal equilibrium, and charge-carrier dynamics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Practical discussions of field-effect devices, radiation and light detectors, and passive optical components\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Complete treatments of the history of grown crystals, solidification processes, furnace design technology, and crystal growing methods\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerfect for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics, electronics engineering, and materials engineering, \u003ci\u003eConductors, Semiconductors, Insulators, and Crystal-Growth Technology\u003c\/i\u003e will also benefit electronics and materials engineers involved in research and development of related technologies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47988972716261,"sku":"NP9781394339853","price":155.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781394339853.jpg?v=1761782267","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/conductors-semiconductors-insulators-and-crystal-growth-technology-isbn-9781394339853","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}