{"product_id":"chemical-process-design-and-integration-isbn-9781119990147","title":"Chemical Process Design and Integration","description":"Written by a highly regarded author with industrial and academic experience, this new edition of an established bestselling book provides practical guidance for students, researchers, and those in chemical engineering. The book includes a new section on sustainable energy, with sections on carbon capture and sequestration, as a result of increasing environmental awareness; and a companion website that includes problems, worked solutions, and Excel spreadsheets to enable students to carry out complex calculations. \u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 The Nature of Chemical Process Design and Integration 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Chemical Products 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Formulation of Design Problems 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Synthesis and Simulation 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 The Hierarchy of Chemical Process Design and Integration 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Continuous and Batch Processes 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 New Design and Retrofit 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Reliability, Availability and Maintainability 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Process Control 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Approaches to Chemical Process Design and Integration 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 The Nature of Chemical Process Design and Integration – Summary 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Process Economics 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 The Role of Process Economics 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Capital Cost for New Design 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Capital Cost for Retrofit 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Annualized Capital Cost 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Operating Cost 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Simple Economic Criteria 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Project Cash Flow and Economic Evaluation 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Investment Criteria 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Process Economics–Summary 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Exercises 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Optimization 37\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Objective Functions 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Single-Variable Optimization 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Multivariable Optimization 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Constrained Optimization 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Linear Programming 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Nonlinear Programming 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Structural Optimization 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Solution of Equations Using Optimization 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 The Search for Global Optimality 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Optimization – Summary 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Exercises 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Chemical Reactors I – Reactor Performance 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Reaction Path 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Types of Reaction Systems 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Measures of Reactor Performance 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Rate of Reaction 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Idealized Reactor Models 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Choice of Idealized Reactor Model 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Choice of Reactor Performance 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Reactor Performance – Summary 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Exercises 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Chemical Reactors II – Reactor Conditions 81\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Reaction Equilibrium 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Reactor Temperature 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Reactor Pressure 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Reactor Phase 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Reactor Concentration 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Biochemical Reactions 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Catalysts 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Reactor Conditions – Summary 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Exercises 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Chemical Reactors III – Reactor Configuration 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Temperature Control 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Catalyst Degradation 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Gas–Liquid and Liquid–Liquid Reactors 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Reactor Configuration 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Reactor Configuration For Heterogeneous Solid-Catalyzed Reactions 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Reactor Configuration – Summary 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Exercises 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Separation of Heterogeneous Mixtures 125\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Separation 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Settling and Sedimentation 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Inertial and Centrifugal Separation 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Electrostatic Precipitation 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Filtration 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Scrubbing 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Flotation 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Drying 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Separation of Heterogeneous Mixtures – Summary 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Exercises 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Separation of Homogeneous Fluid Mixtures I – Distillation 139\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Calculation of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Single-Stage Separation 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Distillation 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Binary Distillation 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Total and Minimum Reflux Conditions for Multicomponent Mixtures 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Finite Reflux Conditions for Multicomponent Mixtures 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Column Dimensions 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Conceptual Design of Distillation 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Detailed Design of Distillation 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Limitations of Distillation 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12 Separation of Homogeneous Fluid Mixtures by Distillation – Summary 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13 Exercises 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Separation of Homogeneous Fluid Mixtures II – Other Methods 185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Absorption and Stripping 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Liquid–Liquid Extraction 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Adsorption 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Membranes 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Crystallization 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Evaporation 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Separation of Homogeneous Fluid Mixtures by Other Methods – Summary 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Exercises 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Distillation Sequencing 221\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Distillation Sequencing using Simple Columns 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Practical Constraints Restricting Options 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Choice of Sequence for Simple Nonintegrated Distillation Columns 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Distillation Sequencing using Columns With More Than Two Products 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Distillation Sequencing using Thermal Coupling 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Retrofit of Distillation Sequences 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Crude Oil Distillation 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Structural Optimization of Distillation Sequences 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Distillation Sequencing – Summary 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Exercises 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Distillation Sequencing for Azeotropic Distillation 247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Azeotropic Systems 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Change in Pressure 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Representation of Azeotropic Distillation 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Distillation at Total Reflux Conditions 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Distillation at Minimum Reflux Conditions 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Distillation at Finite Reflux Conditions 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Distillation Sequencing Using an Entrainer 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Entrainer Selection 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Multicomponent Systems 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Trade-Offs in Azeotropic Distillation 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 Membrane Separation 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.13 Distillation Sequencing for Azeotropic Distillation – Summary 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14 Exercises 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Heat Exchange 275\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Heat Exchanger Fouling 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Temperature Differences in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Heat Exchanger Geometry 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Allocation of Fluids in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Heat Transfer Coefficients and Pressure Drops in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Rating and Simulation of Heat Exchangers 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Heat Transfer Enhancement 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Retrofit of Heat Exchangers 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Condensers 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11 Reboilers and Vaporizers 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12 Other Types of Heat Exchangers 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.13 Fired Heaters 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14 Heat Exchange – Summary 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.15 Exercises 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Pumping and Compression 349\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Pressure Drops in Process Operations 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Pressure Drops in Piping Systems 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Pump Types 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Centrifugal Pump Performance 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Compressor Types 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Reciprocating Compressors 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Dynamic Compressors 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Staged Compression 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Compressor Performance 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 Process Expanders 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.11 Pumping and Compression –\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.12 Exercises 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Continuous Process Recycle Structure 377\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 The Function of Process Recycles 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Recycles with Purges 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Hybrid Reaction and Separation 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 The Process Yield 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Feed, Product and Intermediate Storage 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Continuous Process Recycle Structure – Summary 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Exercises 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Continuous Process Simulation and Optimization 393\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Physical Property Models for Process Simulation 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Unit Models for Process Simulation 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Flowsheet Models 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Simulation of Recycles 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Convergence of Recycles 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Design Specifications 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Flowsheet Sequencing 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Model Validation 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 Process Optimization 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.10 Continuous Process Simulation and Optimization – Summary 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.11 Exercises 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Batch Processes 417\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Characteristics of Batch Processes 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Batch Reactors 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Batch Distillation 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Batch Crystallization 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Batch Filtration 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Batch Heating and Cooling 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Optimization of Batch Operations 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Gantt Charts 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Production Schedules for Single Products 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.10 Production Schedules for Multiple Products 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.11 Equipment Cleaning and Material Transfer 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.12 Synthesis of Reaction and Separation Systems for Batch Processes 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.13 Storage in Batch Processes 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.14 Batch Processes – Summary 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.15 Exercises 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Heat Exchanger Networks I – Network Targets 457\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Composite Curves 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 The Heat Recovery Pinch 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Threshold Problems 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 The Problem Table Algorithm 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Non-global Minimum Temperature Differences 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Process Constraints 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Utility Selection 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.8 Furnaces 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.9 Cogeneration (Combined Heat and Power Generation) 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.10 Integration of Heat Pumps 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.11 Number of Heat Exchange Units 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.12 Heat Exchange Area Targets 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.13 Sensitivity of Targets 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.14 Capital and Total Cost Targets 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.15 Heat Exchanger Network Targets –\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.16 Exercises 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Heat Exchanger Networks II – Network Design 501\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 The Pinch Design Method 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Design for Threshold Problems 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Stream Splitting 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Design for Multiple Pinches 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Remaining Problem Analysis 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Simulation of Heat Exchanger Networks 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Optimization of a Fixed Network Structure 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 Automated Methods of Heat Exchanger Network Design 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9 Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit with a Fixed Network Structure 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.10 Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit through Structural Changes 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.11 Automated Methods of Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.12 Heat Exchanger Network Design –\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.13 Exercises 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Heat Exchanger Networks III – Stream Data 543\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Process Changes for Heat Integration 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 The Trade-Offs Between Process Changes, Utility Selection, Energy Cost and Capital Cost 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Data Extraction 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Heat Exchanger Network Stream Data – Summary 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Exercises 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Heat Integration of Reactors 555\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 The Heat Integration Characteristics of Reactors 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Appropriate Placement of Reactors 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Use of the Grand Composite Curve for Heat Integration of Reactors 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Evolving Reactor Design to Improve Heat Integration 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Heat Integration of Reactors – Summary 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Exercises 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Heat Integration of Distillation 563\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 The Heat Integration Characteristics of Distillation 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 The Appropriate Placement of Distillation 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Use of the Grand Composite Curve for Heat Integration of Distillation 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Evolving the Design of Simple Distillation Columns to Improve Heat Integration 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Heat Pumping in Distillation 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Capital Cost Considerations for the Integration of Distillation 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.7 Heat Integration Characteristics of Distillation Sequences 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.8 Design of Heat Integrated Distillation Sequences 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.9 Heat Integration of Distillation – Summary 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.10 Exercises 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Heat Integration of Evaporators and Dryers 577\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 The Heat Integration Characteristics of Evaporators 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Appropriate Placement of Evaporators 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Evolving Evaporator Design to Improve Heat Integration 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 The Heat Integration Characteristics of Dryers 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Evolving Dryer Design to Improve Heat Integration 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 A Case Study 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7 Heat Integration of Evaporators and Dryers – Summary 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.8 Exercises 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Steam Systems and Cogeneration 583\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Boiler Feedwater Treatment 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Steam Boilers 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Gas Turbines 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Steam Turbines 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Steam Distrubution 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6 Site Composite Curves 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.7 Cogeneration Targets 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.8 Power Generation and Machine Drives 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.9 Utility Simulation 631\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.10 Optimizing Steam Systems 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.11 Steam Costs 638\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.12 Steam Systems and Cogeneration – Summary 641\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.13 Exercises 642\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 645\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Cooling and Refrigeration Systems 647\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Cooling Systems 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Once-Through Water Cooling 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Recirculating Cooling Water Systems 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Air Coolers 650\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Refrigeration 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6 Choice of a Single-Component Refrigerant for Compression Refrigeration 662\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7 Targeting Refrigeration Power for Pure Component Compression Refrigeration 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8 Heat Integration of Pure Component Compression Refrigeration Processes 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.9 Mixed Refrigerants for Compression Refrigeration 673\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.10 Expanders 677\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.11 Absorption Refrigeration 681\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12 Indirect Refrigeration 682\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.13 Cooling Water and Refrigeration Systems – Summary 682\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.14 Exercises 683\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 Environmental Design for Atmospheric Emissions 687\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Atmospheric Pollution 687\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Sources of Atmospheric Pollution 688\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Control of Solid Particulate Emissions to Atmosphere 690\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Control of VOC Emissions 690\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5 Control of Sulfur Emissions 703\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.6 Control of Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions 708\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.7 Control of Combustion Emissions 711\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.8 Atmospheric Dispersion 714\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.9 Environmental Design for Atmospheric Emissions – Summary 716\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.10 Exercises 717\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 720\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26 Water System Design 721\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Aqueous Contamination 724\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 Primary Treatment Processes 725\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Biological Treatment Processes 729\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.4 Tertiary Treatment Processes 732\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5 Water Use 733\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.6 Targeting for Maximum Water Reuse for Single Contaminants for Operations with Fixed Mass Loads 735\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.7 Design for Maximum Water Reuse for Single Contaminants for Operations with Fixed Mass Loads 737\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.8 Targeting for Maximum Water Reuse for Single Contaminants for Operations with Fixed Flowrates 747\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.9 Design for Maximum Water Reuse for Single Contaminants for Operations with Fixed Flowrates 751\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.10 Targeting and Design for Maximum Water Reuse Based on Optimization of a Superstructure 758\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.11 Process Changes for Reduced Water Consumption 760\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.12 Targeting for Minimum Wastewater Treatment Flowrate for Single Contaminants 761\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.13 Design for Minimum Wastewater Treatment Flowrate for Single Contaminants 765\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.14 Regeneration of Wastewater 767\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.15 Targeting and Design for Effluent Treatment and Regeneration Based on Optimization of a Superstructure 772\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.16 Data Extraction 773\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.17 Water System Design – Summary 775\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.18 Exercises 776\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 779\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27 Environmental Sustainability in Chemical Production 781\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 Life Cycle Assessment 781\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2 Efficient Use of Raw Materials Within Processes 786\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 Efficient Use of Raw Materials Between Processes 792\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4 Exploitation of Renewable Raw Materials 794\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5 Efficient Use of Energy 795\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6 Integration of Waste Treament and Energy Sytems 805\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7 Renewable Energy 806\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.8 Efficient Use of Water 807\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.9 Sustainability in Chemical Production – Summary 807\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.10 Exercises 808\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 809\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28 Process Safety 811\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1 Fire 811\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2 Explosion 812\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.3 Toxic Release 813\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.4 Hazard Identification 813\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.5 The Hierarchy of Safety Management 815\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.6 Inherently Safer Design 815\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.7 Layers of Protection 819\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.8 Hazard and Operability Studies 822\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.9 Layer of Protection Analysis 823\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.10 Process Safety – Summary 823\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.11 Exercises 824\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 825\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A Physical Properties in Process Design 827\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 1 Equations of State 827\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 2 Phase Equilibrium for Single Components 831\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 3 Fugacity and Phase Equilibrium 831\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 4 Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium 831\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 5 Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Based on Activity Coefficient Models 833\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 6 Group Contribution Methods for Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium 835\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 7 Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Based on Equations of State 837\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 8 Calculation of Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium 838\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 9 Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium 841\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 10 Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Activity Coefficient Models 842\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 11 Calculation of Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium 842\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 12 Choice of Method for Equilibrium Calculations 844\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 13 Calculation of Enthalpy 846\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 14 Calculation of Entropy 847\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 15 Other Physical Properties 848\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 16 Physical Properties in Process Design – Summary 850\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA. 17 Exercises 851\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 852\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix B Materials of Construction 853\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.1 Mechanical Properties 853\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2 Corrosion 854\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3 Corrosion Allowance 855\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.4 Commonly Used Materials of Construction 855\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.5 Criteria for Selection 859\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.6 Materials of Construction – Summary 860\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 860\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix C Annualization of Capital Cost 861\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 861\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix D The Maximum Thermal Effectiveness for 1–2 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 863\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 863\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix E Expression for the Minimum Number of 1–2 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers for a Given Unit 865\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 866\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix F Heat Transfer Coefficient and Pressure Drop in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 867\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF.1 Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Correlations for the Tube Side 867\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF.2 Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Correlations for the Shell Side 869\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 873\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix G Gas Compression Theory 875\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eG.1 Modeling Reciprocating Compressors 875\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eG.2 Modeling Dynamic Compressors 877\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eG.3 Staged Compression 877\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 879\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix H Algorithm for the Heat Exchanger Network Area Target 881\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 883\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003eProfessor Robin Smith\u003c\/b\u003e is Head of the Centre for Process Integration at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) in the United Kingdom. Before joining UMIST he had extensive industrial experience with Rohm \u0026amp; Haas in process investigation and process design, and with ICI in computer-aided design and process integration. He was a member of the ICI Process Integration Team that pioneered the first industrial applications of process integration design methods. Since joining UMIST he has acted extensively as a consultant in process integration projects. He has published widely in the field of chemical process design and integration, and is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers in the UK and a chartered engineer. In 1992 he was awarded the Hanson Medal of the Institution of Chemical Engineers in the UK for his work on clean process technology. \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Concept\u003c\/b\u003e Chemical processing should form part of a sustainable industrial activity. For chemical processing, this means that processes should use raw materials as efficiently as is economic and practicable, both to prevent the production of waste that can be environmentally harmful and to preserve the reserves of raw materials as much as possible. Processes should use as little energy as economic and practicable, both to prevent the build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels and to preserve reserves of fossil fuels. Water must also be consumed in sustainable quantities. Aqueous and atmospheric emissions must not be environmentally harmful, and solid waste to landfill must be avoided. Finally, all aspects of chemical processing must feature good health and safety practice.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Book\u003c\/b\u003e is intended to be a textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate students of chemical engineering, and to be a practical guide for practicing process designers and chemical engineers and applied chemists working in process development.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eChemical Process Design and Integration\u003c\/i\u003e deals in detail with the design and integration of chemical processes, emphasizing the conceptual issues. Chemical process design requires the selection of a series of processing steps and their integration to form a complete manufacturing system. The text emphasizes both the design and selection of the steps as individual operations and their integration. The design of utility systems has been dealt with in the text so that the interactions between processes and the utility system and interactions between different processes through the utility system can be exploited to maximize the performance of the site as a whole. \u003ci\u003eChemical Process Design and Integration\u003c\/i\u003e offers:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eA combination of comprehensive textbook and practical guide\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA wide range of process technologies\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDetails of the latest process integration design methods\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEmphasizes sustainable process development\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA practical guide to clean process technology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eComprehensive coverage of the design of energy and water systems Large number of worked examples and class exercises\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47988906426597,"sku":"NP9781119990147","price":153.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119990147.jpg?v=1761782000","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/chemical-process-design-and-integration-isbn-9781119990147","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}