{"product_id":"cancer-risk-assessment-isbn-9780470238226","title":"Cancer Risk Assessment","description":"With a weight-of-the-evidence approach, cancer risk assessment indentifies hazards, determines dose-response relationships, and assesses exposure to characterize the true risk. This book focuses on the quantitative methods for conducting chemical cancer risk assessments for solvents, metals, mixtures, and nanoparticles. It links these to the basic toxicology and biology of cancer, along with the impacts on regulatory guidelines and standards. By providing insightful perspective, \u003ci\u003eCancer Risk Assessment\u003c\/i\u003e helps researchers develop a discriminate eye when it comes to interpreting data accurately and separating relevant information from erroneous.  PREFACE\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003eCONTRIBUTORS\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART I CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT, SCIENCE POLICY, AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 1\u003c\/b\u003e CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT\u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eElizabeth L. Anderson, Kimberly Lowe, and Paul Turnham)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1. Cancer Risk Assessment\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2. The Weight of Evidence (WOE) for Determining Carcinogenicity\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3. Risk Assessment in the 21st Century\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4. Applications in Risk Management\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 2\u003c\/b\u003e SCIENCE POLICY AND CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT (\u003ci\u003eGary E. Marchant\u003c\/i\u003e)\u003ci\u003e.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2. Use of Risk Assessment in Regulatory Decision-Making\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3. Role Of Risk Assessment Guidelines\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4. Data Quality Requirements\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5. Types of Data Used in Risk Assessment\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6. Application of \"Conservative\" Assumptions and Precaution\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7. Conclusion\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 3\u003c\/b\u003e HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL CARCINOGENICITY WITHIN A REGULATORY CONTEXT (\u003ci\u003eHenk Tennekes, Virginia A. Gretton, and Todd Stedeford)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1. Overview\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2. Risk Assessment\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3. Regulatory Schemes for Industrial Chemicals and Biocides\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4. Scientific Aspects of Carcinogenic Risk Assessment\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5. Conclusions\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 4\u003c\/b\u003e USE OF CANCER RISK ASSESSMENTS IN DETERMINATION OF REGULATORY STANDARDS (\u003ci\u003eRobert A. Howd and Anna M. Fan\u003c\/i\u003e)\u003ci\u003e.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2. Air Standards\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3. Water Standards\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4. Food Standards, Pesticide Tolerances, Additives, and Impurities\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5. Soil Standards\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6. Consumer Product Standards\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7. Recent Developments and Future Directions\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART II CANCER BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 5\u003c\/b\u003e THE INTERPLAY OF CANCER AND BIOLOGY \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003eJames W. Holder)\u003ci\u003e.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1. Historical Account of Some Important Events in Understanding Cancer\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2. Recent Foundations of Biological Mechanisms of Cancer\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3. Cell Biology of Cancer\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4. Some Final Thoughts on Biology and Cancer\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 6\u003c\/b\u003e CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS: A BRIEF HISTORY OF ITS CONCEPTS WITH A FOCUS ON POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (\u003ci\u003eStephen Nesnow)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1. A Brief History of Chemical Carcinogenesis\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2. James A. and Elizabeth C. Miller and Their Theory of Metabolic Activation\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3. The Concepts of Initiation, Promotion, and Progression: The Origin of Multistage Carcinogenesis\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 7\u003c\/b\u003e HORMESIS AND CANCER RISKS: ISSUES AND RESOLUTION (\u003ci\u003ePaolo F. Ricci and Edward J. Calabrese)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2. Evidence for Regulatory Cancer Risk Assessment\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3. Hormesis and Cancer Risk Assessment: Models\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4. Conclusions\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 8\u003c\/b\u003e THRESHOLDS FOR GENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS: EVIDENCE FROM MECHANISM-BASED CARCINOGENICITY STUDIES (\u003ci\u003eShoji Fukushima, Min Wei, Anna Kakehashi, and Hideki Wanibuchi)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1. Overview\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3. Low-Dose Carcinogenicity of 2-Amino-3,8-Dimethylimidazo[4,5-\u003ci\u003ef\u003c\/i\u003e ]-Quinoxaline (MEIQX) in the Rat Liver\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4. Low-Dose Hepatocarcinogenicity of \u003ci\u003eN\u003c\/i\u003e-Nitroso Compounds\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5. Low-Dose Carcinogenicity of 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[5,6-\u003ci\u003eb\u003c\/i\u003e]pyridine (PHIP) in the Rat Colon\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6. Low-Dose Carcinogenicity of Potassium Bromate, KBrO3 in the Rat Kidney\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7. Conclusion\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART III GENETIC TOXICOLOGY, TESTING GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS, AND NOVEL ASSAYS.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 9\u003c\/b\u003e DEVELOPMENT OF GENETIC TOXICOLOGY TESTING AND ITS INCORPORATION INTO REGULATORY HEALTH EFFECTS TEST REQUIREMENTS \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eErrol Zeiger\u003c\/i\u003e)\u003ci\u003e.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2. Definitions and Usage\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3. The Historical Development of Genetic Toxicity Testing\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4. Types of Available Tests\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5. Testing Approaches\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6. Where Are We Now?\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7. Summary\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 10\u003c\/b\u003e \u003ci\u003eGENETIC TOXICOLOGY TESTING GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS\u003c\/i\u003e (\u003ci\u003eLutz Müller and Hans-Jörg Martus)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1. Historical Overview of Genotoxicity Testing Guidelines\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2. Organization for Economic cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Genotoxicity\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3. International Conference of Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) Guidelines for Pharmaceuticals\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4. International Workshop on Genotoxicity Tests (IWGT)\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5. The International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Under the Auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO)\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6. \u003ci\u003eIn Vitro\u003c\/i\u003e Testing\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7. \u003ci\u003eIn Vivo\u003c\/i\u003e Testing\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8. European Union Guideline for Testing of Chemicals Under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical (REACH)\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9. Specialty Guidelines for Genotoxicity: Genotoxic Impurities in Pharmaceuticals\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10. The Quintessence for Regulatory Assessment: \u003ci\u003eIn Vivo\u003c\/i\u003e Testing for Risk Assessment\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11. Summary and Outlook\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 11\u003c\/b\u003e IN VITRO GENOTOX ASSAYS \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid Kirkland and David Gatehouse)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2. \u003ci\u003eIn Vitro\u003c\/i\u003e Metabolic Activation\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3. \u003ci\u003eIn Vitro\u003c\/i\u003e Tests for Gene Mutation in Bacteria\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4. \u003ci\u003eIn Vitro\u003c\/i\u003e Tests for Gene Mutation in Mammalian Cells\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5. \u003ci\u003eIn Vitro\u003c\/i\u003e Tests for Chromosome Damage in Mammalian Cells\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6. The \u003ci\u003eIn Vitro\u003c\/i\u003e Micronucleus Test\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7. \u003ci\u003eIn Vitro\u003c\/i\u003e Test for Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Rat Hepatocytes\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8. \u003ci\u003eIn Vitro\u003c\/i\u003e Comet Assay\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9. Strengths and Limitations\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 12\u003c\/b\u003e IN VIVO GENOTOXICITY ASSAYS \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eVéronique Thybaud)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2. Parameters and Criteria for Valid \u003ci\u003eIn Vivo\u003c\/i\u003e Genotoxicity Assays and Implications for Experimental Design\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3. \u003ci\u003eIn Vivo\u003c\/i\u003e Genotoxicity Assays Required in the Standard Battery of Tests\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4. \u003ci\u003eIn Vivo\u003c\/i\u003e Genotoxicity Assays Used Mainly as Complementary or Follow-Up Tests\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5. Conclusion and Perspectives\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART IV ASSESSING THE HUMAN RELEVANCE OF CHEMICAL-INDUCED TUMORS.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 13\u003c\/b\u003e FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS FOR DETERMINING MODE OF ACTION AND HUMAN RELEVANCE \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eR. Julian Preston)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2. Framework Analysis: Mode of Action and Key Events\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3. Framework Analysis: Human Relevance\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4. Future Directions\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 14\u003c\/b\u003e EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL STUDIES AND CARCINOGENICITY \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMary Elizabeth (Bette) Meek)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2. Current Status of Hazard Testing for Cancer for Regulatory Risk Assessment\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3. Application in Risk Assessment\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4. Evolution of Testing Strategies\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5. Discussion: Closing the GAP Between Hazard Testing and Risk Assessment\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 15\u003c\/b\u003e CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHerman J. Gibb and Jessie P. Buckley)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2. Considerations for the Epidemiologic Study of Cancer\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3. Epidemiologic Study Methods\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4. Evaluation of Studies and Their Results\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5. Substances Causally Associated with Cancer\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6. Future for Cancer Epidemiology\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 16\u003c\/b\u003e RODENT HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS (\u003ci\u003eJames E. Klaunig)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2. Mechanisms of Action of Hepatic Carcinogens\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3. Human Relevance Framework\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4. Summary\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 17\u003c\/b\u003e MODE OF ACTION ANALYSIS AND HUMAN RELEVANCE OF LIVER TUMORS INDUCED BY PPARa ACTIVATION \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJ. Christopher Corton)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1. Overview\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3. Mode of Action Analysis in the EPA Risk Assessment Framework\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4. Relevance of PPARá Activator-Induced Rodent Liver Tumor Response to Humans\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 18\u003c\/b\u003e ALPHA2U-GLOBULIN NEPHROPATHY AND CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE NEPHROPATHY AS MODES OF ACTION FOR RENAL TUBULE TUMOR INDUCTION IN RATS, AND THEIR POSSIBLE INTERACTION \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEdward A. Lock and Gordon C. Hard)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2. Chemicals that Increase the Incidence of Renal Tubule Tumors in Male Rats by an á2u-Globulin Mode of Action\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3. Chemicals Increasing the Incidence of Renal Tumors Through Exacerbation of Spontaneous Chronic Progressive Nephropathy (CPN)\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4. Chemicals Increasing RTT Incidence Through a Mode of Action Involving Exacerbation of CPN\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5. Examples Where the á2u-Globulin and Exacerbated CPN Modes of Action May Be Acting in Concert\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6. Relevance of Rat á2u-Globulin Nephropathy and CPN to Humans\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 19\u003c\/b\u003e URINARY TRACT CALCULI AND BLADDER TUMORS \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSamuel M. Cohen, Lora L. Arnold, and Shugo Suzuki)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2. Direct and Indirect Formation of Urinary Solids\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3. Urinary Factors Influencing the Formation of Urinary Solids\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4. Collection of Urine for Detection of Urinary Solids\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5. Interspecies Comparison of Urine Composition\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6. Urinary Solid Carcinogenesis in Rodents\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7. Epidemiology\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.8. Risk Assessment\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART V METHODS FOR INFORMING CANCER RISK QUANTIFICATION.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 20\u003c\/b\u003e \u003ci\u003e(Q)SAR ANALYSIS OF GENOTOXIC AND NONGENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS: A STATE-OF-THE-ART OVERVIEW\u003c\/i\u003e \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYin-tak Woo and David Y. Lai)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2. Overview of (Q)SAR Analysis and Modeling\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3. Mechanism-Based SAR Analysis of Chemical Carcinogens, Fibers, and Particles\/Nanoparticles\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4. Uses of (Q)SAR in Cancer Hazard\/Risk Assessment and Brief Overview of Predictive Systems\/Softwares\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5. Future Perspectives\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 21\u003c\/b\u003e PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED PHARMACOKINETIC (PBPK) MODELS IN CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMathieu Valcke and Kannan Krishnan)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2. PBPK Modeling: Characteristics and Approaches\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3. PBPK Models in Cancer Risk Assessment\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4. PBPK Models in Cancer Risk Assessment: Case Studies\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5. Concluding Remarks\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 22\u003c\/b\u003e GENOMICS AND ITS ROLE IN CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBanalata Sen, Douglas C. Wolf, and Vicki Dellarco)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2. \"-Omics\" Technologies\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3. Genomics and the New Risk Assessment Paradigm\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4. Case Studies\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5. Use of Genomics in Predictive Toxicology\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6. Conclusions\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 23\u003c\/b\u003e COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY IN CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJerry N. Blancato)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2. Risk Assessment: Historical Perspective\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3. Enhancements in Quantitative Risk Assessment\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4. Computational Toxicology and Future Risk Assessments\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5. Conclusion\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART VI GENERAL APPROACHES FOR QUANTIFYING CANCER RISKS.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 24\u003c\/b\u003e LINEAR LOW-DOSE EXTRAPOLATIONS \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMichael Dourson and Lynne Haber)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2. Historical\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3. Issues Related to Extrapolation from Experimental Data\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4. Conclusion\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 25\u003c\/b\u003e \u003ci\u003eQUANTITATIVE CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT OF NONGENOTOXIC CARCINOGENS \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003eRafael Meza, Jihyoun Jeon, and Suresh H. Moolgavkar)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2. Some Examples and Applications\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3. Concluding Remarks\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 26\u003c\/b\u003e NONLINEAR LOW-DOSE EXTRAPOLATIONS \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAri S. Lewis and Barbara D. Beck)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2. Mechanistic Aspects of Nonlinear Carcinogenesis\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3. DNA-Reactive Carcinogens and Nonlinearity\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.4. Nonmutagenic Carcinogens and Nonlinearity\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5. Cancer Risk Assessment\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.6. Nonlinearity Principles into Practice\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.7. Summary and Conclusion\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 27\u003c\/b\u003e CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT: MORE UNCERTAIN THAN WE THOUGHT \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEdmund A. C. Crouch)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2. Summary of Previous Analyses\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3. Selection of Carcinogenicity Measure—The CD\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4. The Variation of CD\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003e Within a Species\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5. Extrapolation of the Median CD\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003e Between Species\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6. Extrapolation of the IntraSpecies Variation in CD\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7. Conclusions\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.8. Appendix\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 28\u003c\/b\u003e COMBINING NEOPLASMS FOR EVALUATION OF RODENT CARCINOGENESIS STUDIES \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAmy E. Brix, Jerry F. Hardisty, and Ernest E. McConnell)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2. Rationale for Combining Neoplasms\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.3. Usefulness of Differentiating Benign from Malignant Neoplasms and of Subclassifying Neoplasms\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.4. Criteria for Combining Neoplasms\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.5. Summary\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 29\u003c\/b\u003e CANCER RISK BASED ON AN INDIVIDUAL TUMOR TYPE OR SUMMING OF TUMORS \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAndrew G. Salmon and Lindsey A. Roth)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2. Summing of Tumors of Related Types\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.3. Summing of Unrelated Tumor Types\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.4. Example: 1,3-Butadiene\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.5. Conclusions\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 30\u003c\/b\u003e EXPOSURE RECONSTRUCTION AND CANCER RISK ESTIMATE DERIVATION \u003cb\u003e(\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShannon Gaffney, Jennifer Sahmel, Kathryn D. Devlin, and Dennis J. Paustenbach)\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.1. Introduction\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.2. Exposure Reconstruction Methodology\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.3. Application of Estimated Historical Exposure Values to Cancer Risk Estimates\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.4. Summary\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eINDEX\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cb\u003e.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \"This book aims to inform and to provide interpretive guidance on evaluating toxicological data and understanding the relevance of such data to hazard evaluation and cancer risk estimation.\" (The British Toxicology Society, 1 November 2011)  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cb\u003eCHING-HUNG HSU, PhD, DABT\u003c\/b\u003e, is a Vice President at TaiGen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. His professional experience includes positions at Merck \u0026amp; Co., Inc., the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the California Environmental Protection Agency. Dr. Hsu earned his BS from the National Taiwan University and PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He completed his postdoctoral training at the University of California at Berkeley. Dr. Hsu is board-certified in toxicology by the American Board of Toxicology. He has published numerous professional papers, book chapters, and technical reports. Dr. Hsu serves on the Editorial Board of two international peer-reviewed journals.  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTODD STEDEFORD, PhD, JD, DABT,\u003c\/b\u003e is a Toxicology Advisor and In-house Counsel for a multinational specialty chemical manufacturer. Previously, he was a human health toxicologist with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and an adjunct scientist with the Polish Academy of Sciences. Dr. Stedeford is board-certified in toxicology by the American Board of Toxicology and licensed to practice law in the District of Columbia and the State of Louisiana. He has authored over eighty publications including peer-reviewed scientific articles, government health assessments, legal articles, and scientific and legal book chapters.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cb\u003eLearn the core concepts and step-by-step methods for assessing cancer risk\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003eWith its focus on quantitative methods and weight of the evidence, \u003ci\u003eCancer Risk Assessment\u003c\/i\u003e enables readers to accurately assess human cancer risk from exposure to chemical agents, including solvents, metals, mixtures, and nanoparticles. Moreover, the book helps readers understand the link between cancer risk and the basic toxicology and biology of cancer.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEach chapter of this contributed work has been written by one or more leading international experts. Their contributions integrate a comprehensive review of the scientific literature with their own personal hands-on experience as well as their knowledge of current regulations and testing guidelines. With the authors' guidance, readers can better analyze toxicological data in order to reduce the uncertainties in chemical-related cancer evaluations and risk assessments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe book begins with an overview of cancer risk assessment, science policy, and the regulatory framework for industrial chemicals and biocides. Next, all the core concepts, skills, and methods needed to perform cancer risk assessments are covered in detail, including:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eKey fundamentals in cancer biology, chemical carcinogenesis, hormesis, and experimental evidence of thresholds for genotoxic carcinogens\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTesting guidelines and regulations for in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity testing\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEvaluation of toxicological data and its relevance to hazard evaluation and cancer risk estimation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMethods for quantifying cancer risk, including quantitative structure-activity relationships, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling, \"-omics,\" and computational toxicology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eReaders of \u003ci\u003eCancer Risk Assessment\u003c\/i\u003e not only learn to perform state-of-the-science cancer risk assessments, but also gain valuable skills and knowledge in the more general fields of toxicology and risk assessment.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47988881129701,"sku":"NP9780470238226","price":251.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470238226.jpg?v=1761781898","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/cancer-risk-assessment-isbn-9780470238226","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}