{"product_id":"beneficial-chemical-elements-of-plants-isbn-9781119688808","title":"Beneficial Chemical Elements of Plants","description":"\u003cb\u003eBENEFICIAL CHEMICAL ELEMENTS OF PLANTS\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnderstand beneficial elements and their role in the future of botany and agriculture\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBeneficial elements are those which, while not essential to plant life, can provide stimulation and enhance plant growth. Properly harnessed, these elements can bolster plant growth in the face of environmental conditions—including drought, nutrient deficiency, and excessive soil salinity—and biotic stresses like pathogens and animal activity. As climate change and population growth pose increasingly serious challenges to agriculture and essential plant production, it has never been more important to unleash the potential of beneficial elements. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eBeneficial Chemical Elements of Plants\u003c\/i\u003e is an essential resource for researchers and industry specialists looking to enhance their understanding of these elements and the range and variety  of their enhancements to plant growth. Written by leading scholars in the field of plant stress tolerance and nutrient enrichment, it discusses not only the rich possibilities of beneficial elements but their mechanisms of action at both biochemical and molecular levels. It details the precise potential roles played by each major beneficial element and surveys a range of elemental responses to specific environmental conditions and plant stresses. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eBeneficial Chemical Elements of Plants\u003c\/i\u003e readers will also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapters covering beneficial elements including aluminum, cobalt, sodium, selenium, and silicon\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDiscussion of application methods and typical plant responses\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTreatment of beneficial elements in a wider environmental context\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eBeneficial element applications to the field of sustainable agriculture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eBeneficial Chemical Elements of Plants\u003c\/i\u003e is a fundamental starting point for researchers and students in the fields of plant physiology, crop science, agriculture, and botany, as well as for professionals in the biotechnology and agricultural industries. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Beneficial Elements in Plant Life Under A Changing Environment 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMisbah Naz, Muhammad Ammar Raza, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah, Sarah Bouzroud, Muhammad Imran Ghani, Muhammad Riaz, Tariq Shah, Akmal Zubair, Imran Bodlah, and Xiaorong Fan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeneficial Element Interaction with Environment 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAluminium (Al) in Plants 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAluminium (Al) in Soil – Aluminium, a Friend or Foe of Higher Plants in Acidic Soils 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCobalt (Co) in Plants 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCobalt (Co) in Soil 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon (Si) 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunction of Silicon 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon in Soil 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSodium in Plants 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSodium in Soil 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelenium (Se) 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelenium in Environment 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiological Functions of Beneficial Elements Under A Changing Environment 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5-Beneficial Elements Against Stresses 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Role of Beneficial Elements in Epigenetic Regulation of Plants in Response to Abiotic\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStress Factors 22\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMuhittin Kulak and Adnan Aydin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeneficial Elements for Crop and Non-Crop Plants 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelenium 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAluminium 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSodium 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCobalt 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbiotic Stress Factors 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpigenetic Modifications Under Stressful Conditions 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudies Regarding the Effect of Beneficial Elements on Epigenetic Changes in the Genome of Plants 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelenium 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCobalt 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSodium 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAluminium 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Beneficial Elements and Status of ROS and RNS in Plants: Current Evidence and Future Prospects 38\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBiswajita Pradhan, Rabindra Nayak, Srimanta Patra, Chhandashree Behera, Soumya Ranjan Dash, and Mrutyunjay Jena\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEssential and Beneficial Elements in Plant Physiology: A Pleasant Dilemma 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAluminium 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCobalt 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSodium 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelenium 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eROS and RNS Production Sites in Plant Cells: Cellular Redox Compartments with Regards to Essential Elements 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eROS and RNS Production and Their Function in Plants: Connecting Physiology to Stress Physiology 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion and Future Perspectives 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConflicts of Interest 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Biostimulant Effects and Concentration Patterns of Beneficial Elements in Plants 58\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLibia I. Trejo- Téllez, Libia F. Gómez- Trejo, and Fernando C. Gómez- Merino\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAluminium 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerium 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCobalt 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIodine 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLanthanum 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelenium 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSodium 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTitanium 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVanadium 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and Perspectives 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Targeted Effects of Beneficial Elements in Plant Photosynthetic Process 103\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eCostanza Ceccanti, Ermes Lo Piccolo, Lucia Guidi, and Marco Landi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Metal Beneficial Elements 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Non-metal Beneficial Elements 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Aluminium Stress in Plants: Consequences and Mitigation Mechanisms 123\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAkbar Hossain, Sagar Maitra, Sukamal Sarker, Abdullah Al Mahmud, Zahoor Ahmad, Reza Mohammad Emon, Hindu Vemuri, Md Abdul Malek, M. Ashraful Alam, Md Atikur Rahman, Md Jahangir Alam, Nasrin Jahan, Preetha Bhadra, Debojyoti Moulick, Saikat Saha, Milan Skalicky, and Marian Brestic\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn Overview of Al Toxicity in Plants 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect on Root Growth 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxidative Stress 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrient Imbalances 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanisms for Al Stress Tolerance in Plants 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhenotyping for Al-toxicity Tolerance in Plants 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiological Mechanisms of Al Tolerance in Plants 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMorpho-physiological Mechanisms 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiochemical Mechanisms 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCellular Mechanisms 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhytohormones-based Aluminium Stress Tolerance in Plants 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntioxidants-based Aluminium Stress Tolerance in Plants 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePotential Transgenic Approach for Aluminium Toxicity Improvement 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenes Responsive Under Aluminium Toxicity 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene Family Variation 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterference in the Resistance Mechanism 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpression and Regulation of Gene Families 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic Engineering 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyramiding of Genes 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhytoremediation of Al Stress in Plants 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicroorganism-mediated Aluminium Stress Tolerance in Plants 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgronomic Management for Mitigating Aluminium Stress in Plants 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Inorganic Amendments for Mitigating Al Toxicity in Plants 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium (Ca) as a Mitigator of Al Toxicity 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhosphorus (P) as a Mitigator of Al Toxicity 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnesium (Mg) as a Mitigator of Al Toxicity 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoron (B) as a Mitigator of Al Toxicity 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSulphur (S) as a Mitigator of Al Toxicity 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon (Si) as a Mitigator of Al Toxicity 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Organic Amendments for Mitigating Al Toxicity in Plants 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiochar as a Mitigator of Al Toxicity 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompost or Organic Matter as a Mitigator of Al Toxicity 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConflict of Interest 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Mechanisms of Cobalt Uptake, Transport, and Beneficial Aspects in Plants 169\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eZaid Ulhassan, Aamir Mehmood Shah, Ali Raza Khan, Wardah Azhar, Yasir Hamid, and Weijun Zhou\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanisms of Cobalt Uptake and Transport in Plants 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeneficial Aspects of Cobalt in Plants 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowth and Yield 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNitrogen Fixation and Nodule Formation 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlterations in Nutrient Status 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlterations in Physiological and Biochemical Constituents 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntioxidant Enzyme Activities and Synthesis of Hormones 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtective Roles of Cobalt Against Abiotic Stresses 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and Future Prospects 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Cobalt in Plant Life: Responses and Deficiency Symptoms 182\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eXiu Hu, Xiangying Wei, Jie Ling, and Jianjun Chen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCobalt in Lower Plants 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBryophytes 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlgae 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCobalt in Higher Plants 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoot Absorption of Cobalt 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCobalt Transport in Plants 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCobalt Effects on Plant Growth 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCobalt is Essential for N 2 Fixation in Nodulated Legumes 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCobalt Enhances Growth of Non-Leguminous Crops 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePossible Mechanisms 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Beneficial Effects on Plants 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCobalt Deficiency in Plants 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCobalt Toxicity in Plants 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and Future Perspectives 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Silicon Uptake, Transport, and Accumulation in Plants 205\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShivani Sharma, Muntazir Mushtaq, Sreeja Sudhakaran, Vandana Thakral, Gaurav Raturi, Ruchi Bansal, Virender Kumar, Sanskriti Vats, S. M. Shivaraj, and Rupesh Deshmukh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolecular Mechanism Involved in Silicon Uptake 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeminal Studies Defining Uptake of Silicon in Different Plant Species 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon Influx Transporter 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon Efflux Transporter 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCordial Activity of Silicon Influx and Efflux Transporter 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Homologs of Silicon Influx and Efflux Transporter 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon Transporters yet to be Discovered 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon Deposition in Different Tissues 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon Deposition in Roots 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon Deposition in Shoot 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon Deposition in Leaves 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhytoliths: Biochemical Composition and Deposition Patterns 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon Deposition and the Phytolith Formation 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Phytoliths in the Silicon Biogeochemical Cycle 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Silicon in Soil, Plants, and Environment 227\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMujahid Ali, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Asad Jamil, Muhammad Ashar Ayub,\u003cbr\u003e and Muhammad Tahir Shehzad\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of Silicon in Soil, Plants and Environment 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Sources 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArtificial\/Synthetic Sources 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUses of Silicon 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndustrial Use 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplication in Agro-ecosystems 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Silicon in Plant Nutrition-Growth Responses 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrient Acquisition 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlant Growth Promotion 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGas Exchange Attributes Modulation 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlant Water Balance 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntioxidant Enzymes Activities 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUptake and Translocation Mechanisms of Silicon 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Silicon in Agriculture 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Silicon in Abiotic Stress Management 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeavy Metals 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalinity 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Stress 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperature Stress 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Silicon in Biotic Stress Management 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePest Attack 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Silicon in Disease Management 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon-Mediated Endogenous Modifications in Plants 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC. Mechanism of Silicon-Mediated Abiotic Stress Management 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD. Mechanism of Silicon-Mediated Biotic Stress Management 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource of Silicon for Agricultural Application 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecommendations for Exogenous Silicon Applications 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion and Future Perspectives 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Silicon- Mediated Alleviation of Heavy Metal Stress in Plants 256\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSana Rana, Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, Muhammad Umair, Muhammad Ashar Ayub, and Muhammad Arif\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeavy Metal (HM) Sources in Agro-ecosystem 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Response of Plants Towards HM Stress 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of Silicon in Soil 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Silicon in HM Stress Management 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon Role in Plant Nutrition 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon-Mediated HM Management Mechanisms 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReduction of HM Uptake 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModification of Rhizosphere Chemistry\/Making Si Complexes with Metals 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStimulation of Antioxidants 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHelp in Compartmentation of HM Inside Plants 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene Expression Modification 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructural and Physiological Modification 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExogenous Application of Silicon to Manage HM Toxicity 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon Fertilizer 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiogenic Si Sources (Organic Amendments Enriched in Si) 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilicon Nanoparticles 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 How Does Sodium Content in Growing Media Affect the Chemical Content of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants? Two Sides of the Coin 277\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAhmet Metin Kumlay, Muhittin Kulak, Mehmet Zeki Kocak, Ferdi Celikcan, and Mehmet Hakki Alma\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Kinds of Functions Have Been Attributed to Sodium for Proper Metabolism of the Plant? 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Kind of Perturbations Might Emerge in Case of Deficiency or Excessive Accumulation of Sodium in Growing Media and in Turn, in Plants? 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Are the Major Mechanisms Associated with the Damage Caused by High Salinity? 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompartmentalization of Sodium Through Plant Parts 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Is the Sodium\/Potassium Ratio Important for Plant Metabolism? 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Do Priming or Osmo-Conditioning Seeds Using NaCl Solutions Imprint the Sequential Growth Performance or Stage of the Plants? An Approach Regarding Imprint Memory with Low Concentration versus Higher Subsequent Concentration of NaCl 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Are Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Metabolites of Those Plants? How Do Those Metabolites Respond to Higher Content of Na in Media Regarding Total Content and Their Specific Compounds? 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Growth, Development, and Yield are Adversely Affected Under High Sodium Concentration of Growing Media, but What Can We Say for Contents of Total Metabolites or Specific Compounds? 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlkaloids 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerpenoids 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhenolics 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Kinds of Explanations Have Been Postulated for Changes Concerned with Defence-Related Metabolites in Those Plants Exposed to Higher Levels of Sodium in Growing Media? 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo Lower or Higher Concentration of the Sodium Favour Metabolites? 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo Sides of the Coin: Is a Third Probability Possible for Plant Production Versus Secondary Metabolite Production? 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Sodium and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants 307\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMisbah Naz, Muhammad Imran Ghani, Muhammad Jawaad Atif, Muhammad Ammar Raza, Sarah Bouzroud, Muhammad Rahil Afzal, Muhammad Riaz, Maratab Ali, Muhammad Tariq, and Xiaorong Fan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelationship Between Salinity and Plant 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalinity and the Ideal Sustainable Agricultural System 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelationship Between Salinity and Sodicity and Soil 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalt Stress Effects on Plants 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement Strategies to Mitigate Salt Injury 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalt Sensitivity 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic Engineering and Salt-Tolerant Transgenic Plants 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Sodium in Plants 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOsmotic Tolerance 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProteomics Study in Plant Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIon Uptake\/Homeostasis 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Phytohormones for Abiotic Stress Tolerance 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteraction Between Na + and K + in Plants\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003e321\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteractions Between Na + and Mg 2+ in Plants 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteractions Between Na + and Ca 2+ in Plants 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Selenium Species in Plant Life: Uptake, Transport, Metabolism, and Biochemistry 331\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eZaid Ulhassan, Ali Raza Khan, Wardah Azhar, Yasir Hamid, Durgesh Kumar Tripathi, and Weijun Zhou\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelenium Speciation in the Soil-Plant System 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccumulation and Uptake of Selenium Species by Plants 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransport Mechanisms of Selenium Species within Plants 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelenium Metabolism in Plants 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 1: Conversion of Selenate into Selenite and Selenide 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 2: Selenide to Selenocysteine (SeCys) Transformation 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 3: Transformation of Selenocysteine (SeCys) into Elemental Se 0 and Alanine (Ala) 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 4: Metabolic Pathways of Methyl Selenomethionine (MeSeMet) 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiochemistry of Selenium 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs Selenium an Essential Trace Element for Plants? 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConversion of Inorganic to Organic Selenium Forms (The First Step of the Se-Assimilation Pathway) 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdaptive Mechanisms by Plants to Evade Selenium Toxicity Participation of Se-Amino Acids 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolatilization of Selenium Organic Compounds 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvolvement of Selenocysteine Lyase 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSequestration of Selenium Organic Compounds 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntioxidant Defense Mechanisms 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvolvement of Phytohormones or Signalling Molecules 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Conclusions and Future Prospects 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Lanthanides as Beneficial Elements for Plants 349\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFernando C. Gómez- Merino, Libia F. Gómez- Trejo, Rubén Ruvalcaba- Ramírez, and Libia I. Trejo- Téllez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLanthanides in Biological Systems 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLanthanides in Plants 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeneficial Effects of Lanthanides in Plants 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and Future Research Needs 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 370\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSangeeta Pandey\u003c\/b\u003e is Assistant Professor at the Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDurgesh Kumar Tripathi\u003c\/b\u003e is Assistant Professor at the Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVijay Pratap Singh\u003c\/b\u003e is Assistant Professor, CMP Degree Collage, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eShivesh Sharma\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor at the Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Prayagraj, India. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDevendra Kumar Chauhan\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor and Head of the Department of Botany at the DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India.     \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnderstand beneficial elements and their role in the future of botany and agriculture\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBeneficial elements are those which, while not essential to plant life, can provide stimulation and enhance plant growth. Properly harnessed, these elements can bolster plant growth in the face of environmental conditions—including drought, nutrient deficiency, and excessive soil salinity—and biotic stresses like pathogens and animal activity. As climate change and population growth pose increasingly serious challenges to agriculture and essential plant production, it has never been more important to unleash the potential of beneficial elements. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eBeneficial Chemical Elements of Plants\u003c\/i\u003e is an essential resource for researchers and industry specialists looking to enhance their understanding of these elements and the range and variety  of their enhancements to plant growth. Written by leading scholars in the field of plant stress tolerance and nutrient enrichment, it discusses not only the rich possibilities of beneficial elements but their mechanisms of action at both biochemical and molecular levels. It details the precise potential roles played by each major beneficial element and surveys a range of elemental responses to specific environmental conditions and plant stresses. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eBeneficial Chemical Elements of Plants\u003c\/i\u003e readers will also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChapters covering beneficial elements including aluminum, cobalt, sodium, selenium, and silicon\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDiscussion of application methods and typical plant responses\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTreatment of beneficial elements in a wider environmental context\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eBeneficial element applications to the field of sustainable agriculture\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eBeneficial Chemical Elements of Plants\u003c\/i\u003e is a fundamental starting point for researchers and students in the fields of plant physiology, crop science, agriculture, and botany, as well as for professionals in the biotechnology and agricultural industries.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47988802683109,"sku":"NP9781119688808","price":185.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119688808.jpg?v=1761781647","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/beneficial-chemical-elements-of-plants-isbn-9781119688808","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}