Bandwidth Allocation for Video under Quality of Service Constraints

We present queueing-based algorithms to calculate the bandwidth required for a video stream so that the three main Quality of Service constraints, i.e., end-to-end delay, jitter and packet loss, are ensured.

Conversational and streaming video-based applications are becoming a major part of the everyday Internet usage. The quality of these applications (QoS), as experienced by the user, depends on three main metrics of the underlying network, namely, end-to-end delay, jitter and packet loss. These metrics are, in turn, directly related to the capacity of the links that the video traffic traverses from its source to destination. The main problem that this book addresses is how much bandwidth we should allocate on the path from source to destination of a video traffic flow such that the end-to-end delay, jitter and packet loss of the video packets are within some expected required bounds.

BIOGRAPHIES vii

ACRONYMS xi

INTRODUCTION xv

CHAPTER 1. PARTITIONING THE END-TO-END QOS BUDGET TO DOMAINS 1

1.1. The need for adding percentiles 2

1.2. Calculation of the weight function 4

1.2.1. Exponential components with identical rate parameters 5

1.2.2. Exponential components with different rate parameters 8

1.2.3. Two-stage Coxian 14

1.3. Interprovider quality of service 18

1.4. Single source shortest path using Dijkstra’s algorithm 22

1.5. Conclusions 24

CHAPTER 2. BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION FOR VIDEO: MMPP2 ARRIVALS 27

2.1. The queueing network under study 30

2.2. Single-node decomposition 32

2.3. Bandwidth estimation based on bounds 33

2.4. Validation 38

2.5. Conclusions 46

CHAPTER 3. BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION FOR VIDEO: MAP2 ARRIVALS 47

3.1. The queueing network under study 48

3.2. End-to-end delay estimation based on bounds 50

3.2.1. The interpolation function 52

3.3. Validation 55

3.4. Video traces 57

3.5. Conclusions 64

CHAPTER 4. BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION FOR VIDEO: VIDEO TRACES 67

4.1. The proposed algorithm 70

4.2. Test traces 76

4.3. Bandwidth requirements for homogeneous flows 83

4.4. Bandwidth allocation under percentile delay and jitter constraints 88

4.5. Bandwidth allocation under percentile delay, average jitter and packet loss rate constraints 94

4.6. Conclusions 99

BIBLIOGRAPHY 101

INDEX 109

Bushra Anjum is a Fulbright scholar and Assistant Professor in the Computer Science department at Missouri University of Science and Technology in the USA. Her research interests include mathematical and simulation based foundations of performance evaluation, network modeling and resource allocation under QoS constraints, queuing theory, data & network analytics and data science.

Harry Perros is an IEEE Fellow, Professor of Computer Science and the co-founder and program coordinator of the Master of Science degree in Computer Networks at NC State University in the USA. His current research interests are in the areas of video traffic modeling, resource allocation under QoS, capacity planning of clouds, IoT, queuing theory and hidden Markov models.