Annotated Readings in the History of Modern Psychology

This new first edition reader is designed to make it easier for students to locate, read and comprehend historical material. “Annotated Readings in the History of Modern Psychology” includes thirty-six chapters of substantial excerpts and papers from psychology’s history and includes narrative from the author himself. C. James Goodwin’s narrative is woven throughout the passages to give readers information about the original author, describe the importance of the work, put the selection into its historical context, and finally, to explain and elaborate upon some of the more difficult passages. This book could be used as a stand-alone text for a first-year graduate seminar in psychology, or as a supplement to a main text in the undergraduate history of psychology course.

Interested in this book of readings? Be sure to take a look at its companion, History of Modern Psychology, 3e at www.wiley.com/college/goodwin.

Preface vi

Acknowledgments ix

Chapter Previews xi

Rationalist and Empiricist Epistemologies

Chapter 1 RENÉ DESCARTES (1596–1650): Mind-Body Interactionism 1

Chapter 2 JOHN STUART MILL (1806–1873): British Empiricism Firsthand 7

Nineteenth Century Studies of the Brain

Chapter 3 FRANÇOIS MAGENDIE (1783–1855): The Bell-Magendie Principle 14

Chapter 4 PAUL BROCA (1824–1880): The Case of “Tan” 19

The “new Psychology” Emerges

Chapter 5 WILHELM WUNDT (1832–1920): A New Scientific Psychology 24

Chapter 6 HERMANN EBBINGHAUS (1850–1909): On Memory 32

Comparative Psychology Copyrighted Material

Chapter 7 WILLARD S. SMALL (1870–1943): Inventing Maze Learning 41

Chapter 8 EDWARD L. THORNDIKE (1874–1949): Cats in Puzzle Boxes 48

American Pioneers

Chapter 9 WILLIAM JAMES (1842–1910): On Consciousness and Emotion 55

Chapter 10 MARY WHITON CALKINS (1863–1930): Experiments on Association 62

Structuralism and Functionalism

Chapter 11 E. B. TITCHENER (1867–1927): A Structural Psychology 70

Chapter 12 JAMES ROWLAND ANGELL (1869–1949): A Functional Psychology 77

Gestalt Psychology

Chapter 13 KURT KOFFKA (1886–1941): Gestalt Psychology and Perception 84

Chapter 14 WOLFGANG KÖHLER (1887–1967): Problem Solving in Apes 91

Nature/nurture

Chapter 15 FRANCIS GALTON (1822–1911): The Inheritance of Mental Ability 98

Chapter 16 HENRY H. GODDARD (1866–1957): The Kallikak Study 106

Origins of Behaviorism

Chapter 17 IVAN PAVLOV (1849–1936): Conditioned Reflexes 114

Chapter 18 JOHN BROADUS WATSON (1878–1958): A Behaviorist Manifesto 122

Evolution of Behaviorism

Chapter 19 EDWARD C. TOLMAN (1886–1959): Cognitive Maps 129

Chapter 20 B. F. SKINNER (1904–1990): An Experimental Analysis of Behavior 137

Psychoanalysis

Chapter 21 SIGMUND FREUD (1887–1967): The Clark Lectures on Psychoanalysis 144

Chapter 22 KAREN HORNEY (1885–1952): Conflict, Anxiety, and Neurosis 151

Clinical Psychology

Chapter 23 LIGHTNER WITMER (1867–1956): The Psychological Clinic 158

Chapter 24 MARY COVER JONES (1896–1987): Behavior Therapy 165

Sex and Race

Chapter 25 LETA STETTER HOLLINGWORTH (1886–1939): Sex Differences in Aptitude 171

Chapter 26 KENNETH B. CLARK (1914–2005) and MAMIE PHIPPS CLARK (1917–1983): The Doll Studies 178

Industrial Psychology

Chapter 27 WALTER DILL SCOTT (1869–1955): Psychology and Advertising 185

Chapter 28 HUGO MÜNSTERBERG (1863–1916): Applying Psychology to Business 192

Mental Testing

Chapter 29 JAMES MCKEEN CATTELL (1860–1944): Mental Tests 199

Chapter 30 ALFRED BINET (1857–1911): The Binet-Simon Tests of Intelligence 206

Personality & Social Psychology

Chapter 31 GORDON ALLPORT (1897–1967): The Uniqueness of Personality 214

Chapter 32 KURT LEWIN (1890–1947): The Leadership Studies 221

Cognitive Psychology

Chapter 33 FREDERICK C. BARTLETT (1886–1969): Constructive Memory 229

Chapter 34 JOHN JENKINS (1901–1948) and KARL DALLENBACH (1887–1971): Interference and Memory 237

Humanistic Psychology

Chapter 35 ABRAHAM MASLOW (1908–1970): A Hierarchy of Needs 245

Chapter 36 CARL ROGERS (1902–1987): The Therapeutic Environment 252

References 259

Index 266

There’s no substitute for the original…

If you want to really understand the underpinnings of psychology today, go to the source! Unfortunately, original source readings can seem a bit daunting—these works were written at a particular time and place in psychology’s history. Understanding them requires knowledge of the historical context in which the work was written, as well as background on the writer. This book of annotated readings aims to solve this problem.

Each of the 36 chapters in this reader includes substantial excerpts from important books and papers in psychology’s history, accompanied by running annotations that address the meaning of the reading’s content, how the content relates to contemporary historical context, and the significance of the material for psychology’s history.

Featuring 36 original readings ranging from Watson’s Behaviorist Manifesto to Freud’s Clark lectures on psychoanalysis to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, C. James Goodwin’s Annotated Readings in the History of Modern Psychology provides insight into some of psychology’s brightest minds, while making the material easy to comprehend for today’s readers.