{"product_id":"anatomy-and-physiology-for-the-manual-therapies-isbn-9780470585009","title":"Anatomy and Physiology for the Manual Therapies","description":"\u003ci\u003eAnatomy \u0026amp; Physiology for the Manual Therapies\u003c\/i\u003e 1e is designed to meet the specific needs of students preparing for careers in the manual therapies, such as massage therapy and careers as physical therapy assistants. This book provides the most appropriate depth of coverage for each body system -- in both narrative and visuals -- and by including relevant applications linking the content to situations they will face in their careers. \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Organization of the Human Body 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Anatomy and Physiology Defined 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Levels of Organization and Body Systems 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Life Processes 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Homeostasis: Maintaining Limits 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl of Homeostasis: Feedback Systems 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHomeostasis and Good Health 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Aging and Homeostasis 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Anatomical Terms 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNames of Body Regions 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirectional Terms 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 1.1 Directional Terms 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlanes and Sections 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Body Cavities 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Medical Imaging 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with the Organization of the Human Body 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Introductory Chemistry 28\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction to Chemistry 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Elements and Atoms 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIons, Molecules, and Compounds 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Bonds 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Reactions 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Chemical Compounds and Life Processes 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInorganic Compounds 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic Compounds 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarbohydrates 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLipids 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProteins 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNucleic Acids 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdenosine Triphosphate 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Cells 47\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 A Generalized View of the Cell 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Plasma Membrane 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Transport Across the Plasma Membrane 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePassive Processes 51 Active Processes 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Cytoplasm 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCytosol 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganelles 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Nucleus 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Gene Action: Protein Synthesis 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranscription 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranslation 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Somatic Cell Division 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterphase 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMitotic Phase 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Cancer 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowth and Spread of Cancer 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauses of Cancer 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarcinogenesis: A Multistep Process 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment of Cancer 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Aging and Cells 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with Cells 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Tissues 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Types of Tissues 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Cell Junctions 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Epithelial Tissue 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Features of Epithelial Tissue 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCovering and Lining Epithelium 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlandular Epithelium 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Connective Tissue 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Features of Connective Tissue 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConnective Tissue Cells 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConnective Tissue Extracellular Matrix 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification of Connective Tissues 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Mature Connective Tissue 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConnective Tissues: Diverse and Dynamic 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Membranes 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMucous Membranes 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSerous Membranes 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynovial Membranes 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Musular Tissue 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Nervous Tissue 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Tissue Repair: Restoring Homeostasis 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Aging and Tissues 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExcess Adiposity 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with Tissues 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 The Integumentary System 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Structure of the Skin 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpidermis 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKeratinization and Growth of the Epidermis 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDermis 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkin Color 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHair 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkin Glands 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNails 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Types of Skin 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Functions of the Skin 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Maintaining Homeostasis: Skin Wound Healing 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpidermal Wound Healing 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDermal Wound Healing 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Skin Conditions Important to Therapists 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkin Cancer 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBurns 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePressure Ulcers 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Aging and the Integumentary System 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with the Integumentary System 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 5.1 The Integumentary System and Homeostasis 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Bone Tissue 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Functions of Bone and the Skeletal System 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Structure of Bone 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Histology of Bone Tissue 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompact Bone Tissue 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpongy Bone Tissue 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Blood and Nerve Supply of Bone 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Bone Formation 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntramembranous Ossification 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndochondral Ossification 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Bone Growth 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowth in Length 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowth in Thickness 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Bones and Homeostasis 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBone Remodeling 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors Affecting Bone Growth and Bone Remodeling 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFracture and Repair of Bone 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBone’s Role in Calcium Homeostasis 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Aging and Bone Tissue 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with Bone Tissue 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 The Skeletal System: The Axial Skeleton 159\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Types of Bones 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Bone Surface Markings 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Skull 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Features and Functions 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCranial Bones 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacial Bones 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNasal Septum 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrbits 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForamina 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnique Features of the Skull 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Hyoid Bone 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Vertebral Column 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNormal Curves of the Vertebral Column 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntervertebral Discs 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParts of a Typical Vertebra 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegions of the Vertebral Column 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Thorax 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSternum 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRibs 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Disorders of the Axial Skeleton 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbnormal Curves of the Vertebral Column 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpina Bifida 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with Axial Skeleton 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton 195\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClavicle 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScapula 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Upper Limb (Extremity) 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHumerus 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUlna and Radius 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Pelvic (Hip) Girdle 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIlium 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIschium 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePubis 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFalse and True Pelves 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Comparison of Female and Male Pelves 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Comparison of Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Lower Limb (Extremity) 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemur 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatella 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTibia and Fibula 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTarsals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArches of the Foot 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 8.1 The Skeletal System and Homeostasis 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with Appendicular Skeleton 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Joints 221\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Joint Classifications 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Fibrous Joints 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSutures 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSyndesmoses 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterosseous Membranes 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Cartilaginous Joints 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynchondroses 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymphyses 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Synovial Joints 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure of Synovial Joints 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBursae and Tendon Sheaths 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Synovial Joints 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGliding 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAngular Movements 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRotation 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecial Movements 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Selected Joints of the Body 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 9.1 Temporomandibular Joint 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 9.2 Shoulder Joint 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 9.3 Elbow Joint 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 9.4 Hip Joint 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 9.5 Knee Joint 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 9.6 Ankle Joint 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Factors Affecting Contact and Range of Motion at Synovial Joints 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Arthroplasty 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Aging and Joints 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with Joints 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Muscular Tissue 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Overview of Muscular Tissue 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Muscular Tissue 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctions of Muscular Tissue 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of Muscular Tissue 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConnective Tissue Components 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNerve and Blood Supply 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistology 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Contraction and Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSliding Filament Mechanism 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuromuscular Junction 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiology of Contraction 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelaxation 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMuscle Tone 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle Tissue 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnergy for Contraction 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMuscle Fatigue 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxygen Consumption after Exercise 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Control of Muscle Tension 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwitch Contraction 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency of Stimulation 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotor Unit Recruitment 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsometric and Isotonic Contractions 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Muscle Spasms 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Exercise and Skeletal Muscle Tissue 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffective Stretching 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrength Training 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Cardiac Muscle Tissue 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Smooth Muscle Tissue 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Aging and Muscular Tissue 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with Muscular Tissue 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 The Muscular System: The Muscles of the Head and Neck 284\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movement 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMuscle Attachment Sites: Origin and Insertion 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLever Systems and Leverage 285 Effects of Fascicle\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArrangement 288 Coordination within Muscle Groups 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 How Skeletal Muscles Are Named 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Principal Skeletal Muscles of the Head and Neck 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 11.1 Muscles of Facial Expression 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 11.2 Muscles that Move the Eyeballs and Upper Eyelids (Extrinsic Eye Muscles) 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 11.3 Muscles that Move the Mandible and Assist in Mastication (Chewing) and Speech 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 11.4 Muscles of the Anterior Neck that Assist in Deglutition (Swallowing) and Speech 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 11.5 Muscles of the Anterior Neck that Assist in Elevating the Ribs or Flexing the Neck and Head 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 11.6 Muscles of the Lateral Neck that Move the Head 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 The Muscular System: The Muscles of the Torso 316\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 12.1 Muscles of the Abdoman that Act on the Abdominal Wall 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurface Features of the Abdomen and Pelvis 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 12.2 Muscles of the Thorax Used in Breathing 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 12.3 Muscles of the Pelvic Diaphragm and Perineum that Support the Pelvic Viscera 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 12.4 Muscles of the Neck and Back that Act on the Posterior Head, Posterior Neck, Back, and Vertebral Column 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuboccipital Muscles 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 The Muscular System: The Muscles of the Upper Limb 336\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 13.1 Muscles of the Thorax that Move the Pectoral Girdle 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMovements of the Scapula 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 13.2 Muscles of the Thorax and Shoulder that Move the Humerus 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurface Features of the Shoulder 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurface Features of the Armpit 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurface Features of the Back 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 13.3 Muscles of the Arm that Move the Radius and Ulna 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurface Features of the Arm and Elbow 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 13.4 Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Wrist, Hand, and Digits 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 13.5 Muscles of the Palm that Move the Digits–Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurface Features of the Hand 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 The Muscular System: The Muscles of the Lower Limb 369\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction to the Muscles of the Lower Limb (Extremity) 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 14.1 Muscles of the Gluteal Region that Move the Femur 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurface Features of the Buttock 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 14.2 Muscles of the Thigh that Move on the Femur, Tibia, and Fibula 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurface Features of the Thigh and Knee 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 14.3 Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurface Features of the Leg, Ankle, and Foot 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 14.4 Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot that Move the Toes 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Muscle Interactions 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Interconnectedness of the Whole Body 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosture and Interactions between Muscles 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 14.5 Contributions of the Muscular System to Homeostasis 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Nervous Tissue 403\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Overview of the Nervous System 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructures of the Nervous System 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctions of the Nervous System 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganization of the Nervous System 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurons 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMyelination 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGray and White Matter 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroglia 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAction Potentials 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConduction of Nerve Impulses 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of Axon Diameter 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Synaptic Transmission 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvents at a Synapse 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurotransmitters 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Regeneration and Repair of Nervous Tissue 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurogenesis in the CNS 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDamage and Repair in the PNS 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with Nervous Tissue 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves 426\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtective Structures 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExternal Anatomy of the Spinal Cord 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal Anatomy of the Spinal Cord 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Spinal Nerves 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConnective Tissue Coverings of Spinal Nerves 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution of Spinal Nerves 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 16.1 Cervical Plexus 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 16.2 Brachial Plexus 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 16.3 Lumbar Plexus 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 16.4 Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDermatomes 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Spinal Cord Physiology 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensory and Motor Tracts 445 Reflexes and Reflex Arcs 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReflexes and Diagnosis 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Traumatic Injuries of the Spinal Cord 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with the Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 The Brain and Cranial Nerves 463\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 The Brain 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMajor Parts and Protective Coverings 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrain Blood Supply and the Blood-Brain Barrier 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebrospinal Fluid 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrain Stem 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiencephalon 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebrum 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHemispheric Lateralization 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMemory 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectroencephalogram (EEG) 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Cranial Nerves 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Aging and the Nervous System 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with the Brain 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 The Autonomic Nervous System 483\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganization of the Sympathetic Division 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganization of the Parasympathetic Division 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eANS Neurotransmitters 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActivities of the ANS 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Integration and Control of Autonomic Functions 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutonomic Reflexes 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutonomic Control by Higher Centers 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with the Autonomic Nervous System 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Somatic and Special Senses 498\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Overview of Sensations 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition of Sensation 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of Sensations 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Sensory Receptors 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Somatic Senses 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTactile Sensations 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermal Sensations 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePain Sensations 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProprioceptive Sensations 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Special Senses and Olfaction: Sense of Smell 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure of the Olfactory Epithelium 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStimulation of Olfactory Receptors 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Olfactory Pathway 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Gustation: Sense of Taste 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure of Taste Buds 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStimulation of Gustatory Receptors 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Gustatory Pathway 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Vision 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccessory Structures of the Eye 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLayers of the Eyeball 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterior of the Eyeball 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImage Formation and Binocular Vision 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStimulation of Photoreceptors 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Visual Pathway 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Hearing and Equilibrium 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy of the Ear 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiology of Hearing 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuditory Pathway 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeafness 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiology of Equilibrium 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquilibrium Pathways 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReflexology via the Ear 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Aging and the Special Senses 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with Somatic and Special Senses 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 19.1 Contributions of the Nervous System to Homeostasis 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 The Endocrine System 527\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Endocrine Glands 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Hormone Action 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTarget Cells and Hormone Receptors 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemistry of Hormones 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanisms of Hormone Action 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl of Hormone Secretions 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnterior Pituitary Hormones 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePosterior Pituitary Hormones 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Thyroid Gland 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActions of Thyroid Hormones 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl of Thyroid Hormone\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecretion 536 Calcitonin 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Parathyroid Glands 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Pancreatic Islets 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActions of Glucagon and Insulin 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 Adrenal Glands 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdrenal Cortex Hormones 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdrenal Medulla Hormones 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8 Ovaries and Testes 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9 Pineal Gland 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.10 Other Hormones 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHormones from Other Endocrine Cells 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProstaglandins and Leukotrienes 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.11 The Stress Response 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.12 Aging and the Endocrine System 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with the Endocrine System 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 20.1 Contributions of the Endocrine System to Homeostasis 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 The Cardiovascular System: The Blood 553\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Functions of Blood 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Components of Whole Blood 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood Plasma 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormed Elements 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Hemostasis 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVascular Spasm 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlatelet Plug Formation 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood Clotting 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHemostatic Control Mechanisms 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClotting in Blood Vessels 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Blood Groups and Blood Types 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eABO Blood Group 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRh Blood Group 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransfusions 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with Blood 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart 571\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Structure and Organization of the Heart 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocation and Coverings of the Heart 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeart Wall 575 Chambers of the Heart 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreat Vessels of the Heart 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValves of the Heart 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Blood Flow and Blood Supply of the Heart 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood Flow through the Heart 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood Supply of the Heart 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMyocardial Ischemia and Infarction 580\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Conduction System of the Heart 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Electrocardiogram 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArrhythmias 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 The Cardiac Cycle 584\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePressure and Volume Changes during the Cardiac Cycle 584\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeart Sounds 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Cardiac Output 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulation of Stroke Volume 586 Regulation of Heart Rate 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7 Exercise and the Heart 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with the Heart 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation 594\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Blood Vessel Structure and Function 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArteries and Arterioles 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapillaries 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVenules and Veins 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Blood Flow Through Blood Vessels 599\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood Pressure 599\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResistance 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulation of Blood Pressure and Blood Flow 600\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Checking Circulation 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulse 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasurement of Blood Pressure 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Circulatory Routes 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystemic Circulation 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulmonary Circulation 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 23.1 The Aorta and Its Branches 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 23.2 The Arch of the Aorta 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 23.3 Arteries of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 23.4 Veins of the Systemic Circulation 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 23.5 Veins of the Head and Neck 614\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 23.6 Veins of the Upper Limbs 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 23.7 Veins of the Lower Limbs 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHepatic Portal Circulation 619\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFetal Circulation 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Aging and the Cardiovascular System 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 23.8 Contributions of the Cardiovascular System to Homeostasis 622\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with Blood Vessels 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 The Lymphatic System and Immunity 627\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Overview of Immunity 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Lymphatic System Structure and Function 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLymphatic Vessels and Lymph Circulation 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLymphatic Organs and Tissues 631\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Innate Immunity 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst Line of Defense: Skin and Mucous Membranes 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecond Line of Defense: Internal Defenses 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Adaptive Immunity 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaturation of T cells and B cells 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Adaptive Immune Responses 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntigens and Antibodies 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProcessing and Presenting Antigens 638\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eT Cells and Cell-Mediated Immunity 639\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB Cells and Antibody-Mediated Immunity 642\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmunological Memory 643\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Aging and the Immune System 645\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 24.5 Contributions of the Lymphatic System and Immunity to Homeostasis 646\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with the Lymphatic System 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 The Respiratory System 651\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Overview of the Respiratory System 652\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Organs of the Respiratory System 653\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNose 653\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharynx 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLarynx 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrachea 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBronchi and Bronchioles 656\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLungs 657\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Pulmonary Ventilation 660\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMuscles of Inhalation and Exhalation 661\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePressure Changes During Ventilation 662\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLung Volumes and Capacities 662\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreathing Patterns and Modified Respiratory Movements 664\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide 664\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExternal Respiration: Pulmonary Gas Exchange 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal Respiration: Systemic Gas Exchange 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5 Transport of Respiratory Gases 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxygen Transport 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDioxide Transport 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.6 Control of Respiration 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRespiratory Center 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulation of the Respiratory Center 669\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.7 Exercise and the Respiratory System 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.8 Aging and the Respiratory System 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 25.1 Contributions of the Respiratory System to Homeostasis 672\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with the Respiratory System 673\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26 The Digestive System 677\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Overview of the Digestive System 678\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 Layers of the GI Tract and the Peritoneum 679\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Mouth 681\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTongue 681\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalivary Glands 682\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeeth 682\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigestion in the Mouth 683\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.4 Pharynx and Esophagus 683\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5 Stomach 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure of the Stomach 686\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigestion and Absorption in the Stomach 687\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.6 Pancreas 688\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure of the Pancreas 688\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePancreatic Juice 688\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.7 Liver and Gallbladder 688\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure of the Liver and Gallbladder 688\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood Supply of the Liver 690\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBile 690\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctions of the Liver 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.8 Small Intestine 692\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure of the Small Intestine 692\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntestinal Juice 694\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanical Digestion in the Small Intestine 694\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Digestion in the Small Intestine 694\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbsorption in the Small Intestine 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.9 Large Intestine 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure of the Large Intestine 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigestion and Absorption in the Large Intestine 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Defecation Reflex 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.10 Phases of Digestion 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCephalic Phase 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGastric Phase 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntestinal Phase 701\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.11 Aging and the Digestive System 701\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 26.1 The Digestive System and Homeostasis 702\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with the Digestive System 703\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27 Nutrition and Metabolism 707\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 Nutrients 708\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuidelines for Healthy Eating 708\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinerals 709\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVitamins 710\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2 Metabolism 711\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarbohydrate Metabolism 714\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLipid Metabolism 716\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtein Metabolism 718\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 Metabolism and Body Heat 719\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasuring Heat 719\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody Temperature Homeostasis 719\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulation of Body Temperature 720\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with Nutrition and Metabolism 722\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28 The Urinary System 726\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1 Overview of the Urinary System 727\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2 Structure of the Kidneys 728\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExternal Anatomy of the Kidneys 728\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal Anatomy of the Kidneys 728\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRenal Blood Supply 728\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNephrons 729\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.3 Functions of the Nephron 732\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlomerular Filtration 732\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTubular Reabsorption and Secretion 734\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponents of Urine 736\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.4 Transportation, Storage, and Elimination of Urine 737\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUreters 737\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrinary Bladder 737\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrethra 737\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicturition 738\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.5 Aging and the Urinary System 739\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with the Urinary System 739\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 28.1 The Urinary System and Homeostasis 740\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29 The Reproductive Systems 744\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1 Introduction to the Reproductive Systems 745\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2 Male Reproductive System 745\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScrotum 745\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTestes 745\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDucts 749\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccessory Sex Glands 750\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePenis 752\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.3 Female Reproductive System 752\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOvaries 752\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUterine Tubes 755\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUterus 755\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVagina 756\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerineum and Vulva 756\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMammary Glands 758\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.4 Female Reproductive Cycle 759\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle 759\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhases of the Female Reproductive Cycle 759\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.5 Aging and the Reproductive Systems 763\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExhibit 29.1 The Reproductive Systems and Homeostasis 765\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Medical Terms Associated with the Reproductive Systems 766\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A: Measurements A1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B: Periodic Table B3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C: Answers C4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary G1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCredits CR1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex I1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003eDr. Andrew Kuntzman\u003c\/b\u003e, is an associate professor of anatomy at Sinclair Community College in Dayton, Ohio.  He received the Ernest Boyer Award for Innovative Excellence in Teaching, Learning,and Technology at the Ninth International Conference on College Teaching and Learning.","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47988736983269,"sku":"NP9780470585009","price":114.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470585009.jpg?v=1761781391","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/anatomy-and-physiology-for-the-manual-therapies-isbn-9780470585009","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}