{"product_id":"an-introduction-to-stellar-astrophysics-isbn-9780470699577","title":"An Introduction to Stellar Astrophysics","description":"\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eAn Introduction to Stellar Astrophysics\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e aspires to provide the reader with an intermediate knowledge on stars whilst focusing mostly on the explanation of the functioning of stars by using basic physical concepts and observational results.  \u003cp\u003eThe book is divided into seven chapters, featuring both core and optional content:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eBasic concepts\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStellar Formation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRadiative Transfer in Stars\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStellar Atmospheres\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStellar Interiors\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNucleosynthesis and Stellar Evolution and\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eChemically Peculiar Stars and Diffusion.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudent-friendly features include:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eDetailed examples to help the reader better grasp the most important concepts\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA list of exercises is given at the end of each chapter and answers to a selection of these are presented.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eBrief recalls of the most important physical concepts needed to properly understand stars.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA summary for each chapter\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOptional and advanced sections are included which may be skipped without interfering with the flow of the core content.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book is designed to cover the most important aspects of stellar astrophysics inside a one semester (or half-year) course and as such is relevant for advanced undergraduate students following a first course on stellar astrophysics, in physics or astronomy programs. It will also serve as a basic reference for a full-year course as well as for researchers working in related fields.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1: Basic Concepts 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Blackbody Radiation 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Luminosity, Effective Temperature, Flux and Magnitudes 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Boltzmann and Saha Equations 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Spectral Classification of Stars 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 The Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Summary 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Exercises 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2: Stellar Formation 35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Hydrostatic Equilibrium 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 The Virial Theorem 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 The Jeans Criterion 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Free-Fall Times\u003csup\u003e† \u003c\/sup\u003e52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Pre-Main-Sequence Evolution\u003csup\u003e†\u003c\/sup\u003e 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Summary 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Exercises 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3: Radiative Transfer in Stars 61\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Radiative Opacities 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Matter–Radiation Interactions 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Types of Radiative Opacities 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Specific Intensity and Radiative Moments 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Radiative Transfer Equation 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Solution of the Radiative-Transfer Equation 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Radiative Equilibrium 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Radiative Transfer at Large Optical Depths 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Rosseland and Other Mean Opacities 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Schwarzschild–Milne Equations\u003csup\u003e††\u003c\/sup\u003e 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Demonstration of the Radiative-Transfer Equation\u003csup\u003e†\u003c\/sup\u003e 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12 Radiative Acceleration of Matter and Radiative Pressure\u003csup\u003e†\u003c\/sup\u003e 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12.1 Radiative Acceleration of Matter 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12.2 Radiative Pressure 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13 Summary 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14 Exercises 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4: Stellar Atmospheres 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The Grey Atmosphere 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 The Temperature Profile in a Grey Atmosphere 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Radiative Flux in a Grey Atmosphere\u003csup\u003e††\u003c\/sup\u003e 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Line Opacities and Broadening 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Natural Broadening 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Doppler Broadening 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Pressure Broadening 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Stimulated Emission and Masers 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Einstein Coefficients\u003csup\u003e††\u003c\/sup\u003e 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Equivalent Width and Formation of Atomic Lines 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Equivalent Width 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Formation of Weak Atomic Lines 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Curve of Growth\u003csup\u003e†\u003c\/sup\u003e 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Atmospheric Modelling 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Input Data and Approximations 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Algorithm for Atmospheric Modelling\u003csup\u003e††\u003c\/sup\u003e 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Example of a Stellar Atmosphere Model 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Temperature-Correction Procedure\u003csup\u003e††\u003c\/sup\u003e 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Summary 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Exercises 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5: Stellar Interiors 155\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Equations of Stellar Structure 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Hydrostatic Equilibrium Equation 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Equation of Mass Conservation 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Energy-Transport Equation 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Equation of Energy Conservation 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.5 Other Ingredients Needed 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Energy Transport in Stars 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Monochromatic Radiative Flux in Stellar Interiors 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Conduction 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Convection 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.1 General Description of Convection 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.2 The Schwarzschild Criterion for Convection\u003csup\u003e†\u003c\/sup\u003e 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.3 The Mixing-Length Theory\u003csup\u003e††\u003c\/sup\u003e 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.4 Convective Equilibrium\u003csup\u003e†\u003c\/sup\u003e 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Polytropic Models 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Structure of the Sun 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Equation of State 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Introduction 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 The Ideal Gas 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.3 Degeneracy 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.4 Radiation Pressure 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Variable Stars and Asteroseismology 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 Variable Stars 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Asteroseismology\u003csup\u003e†\u003c\/sup\u003e 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3 Basic Physics Behind Period–Luminosity Relations\u003csup\u003e†\u003c\/sup\u003e 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Summary 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Exercises 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6: Nucleosynthesis and Stellar Evolution 205\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Generalities Concerning Nuclear Fusion 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Models of the Nucleus\u003csup\u003e†\u003c\/sup\u003e 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 The Liquid-Drop Model 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 The Shell Model 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Basic Physics of Nuclear Fusion 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Main-Sequence Burning 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Proton–Proton Chains 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 CNO Cycles 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Lifetime of Stars on the Main Sequence 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 The Solar Neutrino Problem\u003csup\u003e†\u003c\/sup\u003e 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Helium-Burning Phase 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Advanced Nuclear Burning 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1 Carbon-Burning Phase 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.2 Neon-Burning Phase 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.3 Oxygen-Burning Phase 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.4 Silicon-Burning Phase 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Evolutionary Tracks in the H–R Diagram 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 Generalities 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 Evolution of Low-Mass Stars (\u003ci\u003eM\u003csub\u003e*\u003c\/sub\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e≤\u003ci\u003e 0.5 M\u003c\/i\u003e\u003csub\u003eʘ\u003c\/sub\u003e) 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.3 Evolution of a 1 \u003ci\u003eM\u003c\/i\u003e\u003csub\u003eʘ\u003c\/sub\u003e Star: Our Sun 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.4 Evolution of Massive Stars (\u003ci\u003eM\u003csub\u003e*\u003c\/sub\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e≥\u003ci\u003e 10 M\u003c\/i\u003e\u003csub\u003eʘ\u003c\/sub\u003e) 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Stellar Clusters 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.1 Stellar Populations, Galaxies and the Milky Way 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.2 Open Clusters 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.3 Globular Clusters 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.4 Age of Stellar Clusters 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.5 Distance to Stars and Stellar Clusters 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Stellar Remnants 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.1 White Dwarfs 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.2 Neutron Stars, Pulsars and Magnetars 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.3 Black Holes 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Novae and Supernovae\u003csup\u003e†\u003c\/sup\u003e 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12 Heavy Element Nucleosynthesis: s, r and p Processes\u003csup\u003e†\u003c\/sup\u003e 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12.1 The Slow and Rapid Processes 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12.2 The p Process 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13 Nuclear Reaction Cross Sections and Rates\u003csup\u003e††\u003c\/sup\u003e 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14 Summary 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15 Exercises 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7: Chemically Peculiar Stars and Diffusion\u003csup\u003e†\u003c\/sup\u003e 285\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction and Historical Background 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Chemically Peculiar Stars 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Am Stars 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Ap Stars 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 HgMn Stars 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 He-Abnormal Stars 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Atomic Diffusion Theory\u003csup\u003e††\u003c\/sup\u003e 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Radiative Accelerations\u003csup\u003e††\u003c\/sup\u003e 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Other Transport Mechanisms\u003csup\u003e††\u003c\/sup\u003e 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Light-Induced Drift 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Ambipolar Diffusion of Hydrogen 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Summary 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Exercises 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Selected Exercises 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A: Physical Constants 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B: Units in the cgs and SI Systems 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C: Astronomical Constants 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix D: Ionisation Energies (in eV) for the First Five Stages of Ionisation for the Most Important Elements 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix E: Solar Abundances for the Most Important Elements 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix F: Atomic Masses 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix G: Physical Parameters for Main-Sequence Stars 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix H: Periodic Table of the Elements 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrancis LeBlanc\u003c\/b\u003e is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy of Université de Moncton (Canada). He was educated at the Université de Moncton and then went on to obtain a Masters degree and a PhD from the Université de Montréal (Canada). During these graduate studies, he was awarded prestigious graduate studies scholarships from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), as well as other scholarships. In 1994, he was hired as assistant professor at the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the Université de Moncton, then promoted to associate professor and finally was promoted to full professor in January 2008. Professor LeBlanc has been an active researcher and has obtained research grants from the NSERC. His fields of expertise are diffusion in stars, chemically peculiar stars and stellar atmospheres. Professor LeBlanc is responsible for the university's observatory, has taught several undergraduate courses on general astronomy, astrophysics and space sciences, modern physics and introduction to nuclear physics and a graduate course on stellar astrophysics.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eAn Introduction to Stellar Astrophysics\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e aspires to provide the reader with an intermediate knowledge on stars whilst focusing mostly on the explanation of the functioning of stars by using basic physical concepts and observational results.  \u003cp\u003eThe book is divided into seven chapters, featuring both core and optional content:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eBasic concepts\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStellar Formation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRadiative Transfer in Stars\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStellar Atmospheres\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStellar Interiors\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eNucleosynthesis and Stellar Evolution and\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eChemically Peculiar Stars and Diffusion.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudent-friendly features include:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eDetailed examples to help the reader better grasp the most important concepts\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA list of exercises is given at the end of each chapter and answers to a selection of these are presented.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eBrief recalls of the most important physical concepts needed to properly understand stars.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA summary for each chapter\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOptional and advanced sections are included which may be skipped without interfering with the flow of the core content.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book is designed to cover the most important aspects of stellar astrophysics inside a one semester (or half-year) course and as such is relevant for advanced undergraduate students following a first course on stellar astrophysics, in physics or astronomy programs. It will also serve as a basic reference for a full-year course as well as for researchers working in related fields.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47988730134757,"sku":"NP9780470699577","price":153.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470699577.jpg?v=1761781362","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/es\/products\/an-introduction-to-stellar-astrophysics-isbn-9780470699577","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}