{"product_id":"an-introduction-to-behavior-analysis-isbn-9781394286706","title":"An Introduction to Behavior Analysis","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe latest edition of the gold standard in introductory behavior analysis texts\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the newly revised second edition of \u003ci\u003eAn Introduction to Behavior Analysis,\u003c\/i\u003e a team of experienced researchers delivers an engaging and comprehensive introduction to the theoretical fundamentals and applications of behavior analysis. The authors focus on practical issues encountered by practicing behavior analysts, including Pavlovian and operant learning, reinforcement and punishment, motivation and stimulus control, and other key concepts in the field. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book clearly articulates and defends the philosophical assumptions and overarching goals of behavior analysis. It describes objective data collection, experimental methods, and data analysis in the context of modern psychology. You'll also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCore behavioral analysis principles explained in an accessible way that are appropriate for introductory audiences\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eExpert discussions of a variety of common behavior issues, including language, substance-use disorders, and psychological disorders\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eUp-to-date examinations of the latest empirical research and theory, along with identifications of areas that require further data and study\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eComplimentary access to a companion website containing PowerPoint slides and a test bank for each chapter\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerfect for students undertaking their first course in behavior analysis or behavior modification, \u003ci\u003eAn Introduction to Behavior Analysis\u003c\/i\u003e is also a must-read for trainees pursuing certification through the Behavior Analysis Certification Board and for students of the applied psychological sciences. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 An Introduction to Behavior Analysis 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is Behavior?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is Behavior Analysis?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Goals of Behavior Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe First Goal of Behavior Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Second Goal of Behavior Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemand More of Your Science\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Assumptions of Behavior Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssumption #1: Behavior is determined\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMentalistic Explanations of Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI’m Not Buying It. I Determine My Own Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEXTRA BOX 1: Determinism Promotes Empathy and Compassion\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssumption #2: The scientific method is a valid way to reveal the\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edeterminants of behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScientific Method\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Are the Determinants of Behavior?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNature\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNurture\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehavioral Epigenetics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Activities of Behavior Analysts\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Experimental Analysis of Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplied Behavior Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEXTRA BOX 2: Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehavioral Service Delivery\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganizational Behavior Management\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCertified Applied Animal Behaviorists\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz Answers\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Behavioral Research and Measures\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelation vs Causation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperiments\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree Components of a Behavioral Experiment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing the Target Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensions of Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLatency\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuration\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnitude\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasuring Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndirect Observation Methods\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Report\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePermanent-Product Recording\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing the Right Observation Method (PART 1)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect Observations\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperational Definitions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Validity of the Operational Definition\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInter-Observer Agreement (IOA)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat IOA is Not\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConducting Direct Observations\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvent Recording\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalculating IOA When Using Event Recording\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterval Recording\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartial-Interval Recording\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhole-Interval Recording\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalculating IOA When Partial-Or Whole-Interval Recording\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuration Recording\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalculating IOA When Using Duration Recording\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalculating IOA When Using Permanent-Product Recording\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing the Right Observation Method (PART 2)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz Answers\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Experimental Designs in Behavior Analysis \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup Experimental Designs\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEXTRA BOX 1: The Price of Group Designs\u003cbr\u003e Single-Subject Experimental Designs\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal Validity of Single-Subject Experimental Designs\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFour Types of Single-Subject Experimental Designs\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison (A-B) Design\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReversal (A-B-A) Design\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEXTRA BOX 2: An ABA Reversal Design Experiment in the NBA\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternating-Treatments Design\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple-Baseline Designs\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefining Features of Single-Subject Designs\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree Kinds of Replication\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDid Behavior Change?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo Patterns of Behavior Change\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Makes a Change Convincing?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuidelines for Conducting the Visual Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is Responsible for the Change\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupplementing the Visual Analysis with Inferential Statistics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Reading Quiz Questions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Phylogenetic Behavior and Pavlovian Learning \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetically Selected Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReflex Learning – Habituation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEXTRA BOX 1: Habituation and Happiness\u003cbr\u003e The “Nature and Nurture” Answer to the “Nature vs Nurture” Debate\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElicited or Evoked?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePavlovian Learning\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Discovery of Pavlovian Learning\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Simple Pavlovian Conditioning Procedure\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePavlovian Conditioning of Positive Emotions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePavlovian Conditioning of Negative Emotions 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Little Albert Experiment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Became of Little Albert?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFear Conditioning and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is Learned During Pavlovian Conditioning?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePavlovian Learning Happens Automatically\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFour Principles of Effective Pavlovian Conditioning\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplying these principles to Understanding PTSD\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneralization\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePavlovian Extinction-Based Therapy\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraduated Exposure Therapy\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpontaneous Recovery\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEXTRA BOX 2: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePavlovian Conditioning in Everyday Life\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaste-Aversion Learning\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvertising\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Reading Quiz Questions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Operant Learning I: Reinforcement \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperant Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponse–Consequence Contingencies\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Response–Consequence Contingencies\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNoncontingent Consequences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuperstitious Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanging Behavior with Contingent Consequences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtra Box 1: Noncontingent Consequences in North Korea\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReinforcers, Reinforcement, and Rewards\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Discovery of Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs it a Reinforcer?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Puzzle Boxes to Skinner Boxes\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReinforcement in Daily Life\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponse Variability: Exploring \u0026amp; Exploiting\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtra Box 2: Add Some Variability to Your Life\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Generic Nature of Operant Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot Every Consequence Functions as a Reinforcer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReinforcement in Social Media and Video Games\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGames for Good\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz \u0026amp; Table 5.2 Answers\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Operant Learning II: Positive and Negative Reinforcement \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive Reinforcement in the Lab\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative Reinforcement – Escape (SR\u003csub\u003eE\u003c\/sub\u003e-)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative Reinforcement – Escape (SR\u003csub\u003eE\u003c\/sub\u003e-) in the Lab\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative Reinforcement – Avoidance (SR\u003csub\u003eA\u003c\/sub\u003e−)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative Reinforcement – Avoidance (SR\u003csub\u003eA\u003c\/sub\u003e−) in the Lab\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtra Box 1: What Is the Consequence in SR\u003csub\u003eA\u003c\/sub\u003e−?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistinguishing Between SR\u003csub\u003eE\u003c\/sub\u003e- and SR\u003csub\u003eA\u003c\/sub\u003e−\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive or Negative Reinforcement: Is There Really\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ea Difference?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReason 1: Heuristics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReason 2: Loss Aversion\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing Reinforcement to Positively Influence Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReinforcement in the Workplace\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree Objections to Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObjection 1: Intrinsic Motivation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObjection 2: Performance-Inhibiting Properties of Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObjection 3: The Alignment Problem\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheories of Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Response Strengthening Theory of Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Information Theory of Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvaluating the Theories\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz Answers\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Operant Extinction \u0026amp; Differential Reinforcement\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperant Extinction Following Positive Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperant Extinction Following Negative Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Quickly Will Operant Extinction Work?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRate of Reinforcement Prior to Extinction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotivation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpontaneous Recovery of Operant Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtra Box 1: How Extinction Informs Theories of Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Predictable Effects of Extinction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtinction-Induced Emotional Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtinction Burst\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtinction-Induced Variability\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtinction-Induced Resurgence\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe Tried It at Home\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing Extinction to Positively Influence Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctional Analysis of Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctional Analysis of Self-Injurious Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEXTRA BOX 2: Functional Analysis of Charitable Giving\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferential Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherapeutic Use of Differential Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferential Reinforcement Without Extinction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to Effectively Use Differential Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferentially Reinforcing Topography\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferentially Reinforcing Rate of Operant Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz Answers\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Unconditioned Reinforcers, Conditioned Reinforcers, and Shaping \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnconditioned Reinforcers\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConditioned Reinforcers\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePavlovian Learning and Conditioned Reinforcers\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVerbal Learning and Conditioned Reinforcers\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Token Economy\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArranging Effective Conditioned Reinforcers\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciple 1: Use an Effective Backup Reinforcer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciple 2: Use a Salient Conditioned Reinforcer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciple 3: The Conditioned Reinforcer Should Signal a Significant Reduction in the Delay to the Backup Reinforcer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciple 4: The Conditioned Reinforcer Must be the Only Stimulus Signaling the Delay Reduction to the Backup Reinforcer\u003cbr\u003e Extra Box 1: Conditioned Reinforcers in Zoos\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClicker Training with Humans\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShaping\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtra Box 2: Shaping Animal Behavior on the Farm\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShaping Human Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShaping and Flow\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciples of Effective Shaping\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutomating Shaping: Percentile Schedules of Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Reading Quizes\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Motivation, Reinforcer Efficacy, and Habit\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFormation \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEveryday Concepts of Motivation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Motivation to Motivating Operations\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo Kinds of Motivating Operations\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples of EOs\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples of AOs\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotivating Operations Require Response-Reinforcer Contingency Learning\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Therapeutic Utility of Motivating Operations\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtra Box 1: The Cost of Mentalistic Reasoning\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentifying Effective Reinforcers: The “Liking” Strategy\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReinforcer Surveys\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStimulus Preference Assessments\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtra Box 2: Avoiding Circularity – Response Disequilibrirum Theory\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasuring Reinforcer Efficacy\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensions of Effective Reinforcers\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContingency\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReinforcer Size\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReinforcer Quality\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReinforcer Immediacy\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEXTRA BOX 3: Reinforcing Altruism\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHabit Formation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHabits – What Are They and How Are They Formed\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur Everyday Habits\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReplacing Bad Habits with Good Ones\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Reading Quizzes\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Punishment \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePunishers and Punishment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnconditioned and Conditioned Punishment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive and Negative Punishment – Both Decrease Behavior 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive Punishment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative Punishment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen Should We Punish?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Deeper Dive on Punishment Critiques\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEXTRA BOX 1. The Ethics of Electric Shock Punishment in Applied Behavior Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePunishment is the Norm—Using it Effectively is Humane\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSix Characteristics of Effective Punishment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Focus on Reinforcement First\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Combine Punishment with Extinction and\/or Differential Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Deliver Punishers Immediately\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Deliver Punishment Contingently\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Punish Every Time\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Use the Least-Intense Punisher That Works\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo Practical Negative-Punishment Procedures\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTime-out from Positive Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponse-Cost Punishment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Watchful Eye of the Punisher\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Role of Reinforcement in the Act of Punishing\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Reading Quiz Questions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Complex Contingencies of Reinforcement \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSchedules of Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRatio Schedules of Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFixed-Ratio Schedules\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable-Ratio Schedules\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Behavioral Economics of Ratio Schedules\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Underappreciated VR Schedule\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterval Schedules of Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFixed-Interval Schedules\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable-Interval Schedules\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting it All Together\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Study Schedules of Reinforcement?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtra Box 1: Contingency Management of Substance-Use Disorders\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSchedule Thinning\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScheduling Reinforcers to Enhance Human Performance and Wellbeing\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreasing Spontaneity with Lag Schedules of Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Reading Quiz Questions and Questions Posed in Tables 11.1–11.4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Antecedent Stimulus Control \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic and Pavlovian Stimulus Control\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiscriminated Operant Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Discriminative Stimulus (S\u003csup\u003eD\u003c\/sup\u003e)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe S\u003csup\u003eΔ\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe S\u003csup\u003eDp \u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Three-term Contingency\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiscriminative Stimuli and Establishing Operations\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiscriminative Stimuli and Conditioned Reinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiscrimination Training\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffective Methods of Discrimination Training\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEXTRA BOX 1: Direct Instruction of Reading Skills\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing Discrimination Training to Positively\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfluence Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneralization\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing Discrimination Training to Improve Stimulus Control\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePromoting Generalization and Maintenance\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTactic 1: Teach Behaviors That Will Contact Natural Contingencies of\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTactic 2: Train Diversely\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTactic 3: Arrange Antecedent Stimuli That Will Cue Generalization\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStimulus-Response Chains\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeaching Stimulus-Response Chains\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrompting and Fading\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtra Box 2: Stimulus Control and Consciousness 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Reading Quizzes\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Choice \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is Choice?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFour Variables Affecting Choice\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReinforcement vs. No Consequence\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReinforcer Size\/Quality\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffort\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReinforcer Delay\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Rich Uncle Joe Experiment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoosing between Uncertain Outcomes\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHerrnstein’s Matching Equation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdding Uncertainty\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReplications Across Species\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtra Box 1: The Matching Law, Terrorism, and White Nationalism\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubstitutes\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtra Box 2: What Substitutes for Drug Reinforcers?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing the Matching Law to Positively Influence Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreasing Socially Desirable Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecreasing Undesirable Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Matching Law and Attention\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpulsive and Self-Control Choices\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePredicting Impulsive Choice\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePredicting Preference Reversals\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReducing Impulsive Choice\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommitment Strategies\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDelay-Exposure Training 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz \u0026amp; Table 3 Answers\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Verbal Behavior, Rule-Following, and Clinical\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehavior Analysis\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehavioral Approaches to Language\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSkinner’s Functional Analysis of Speaker Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEchoic\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMand\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTact\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntraverbal\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraining Verbal Operants\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Behavior of the Listener\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpanding the Verbal Repertoire\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVerbal Behavior and Emotions\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRules and Rule-Governed Behavior\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Follow the Rules?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePliance\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTracking\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersistently Following Incorrect Rules\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAre We Hopelessly Compliant?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Dark Side of Tracking\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreaking the Rules in Clinical Psychology\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtra Box 1: If Thoughts Are Important, Prepare to Suffer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe “Acceptance” in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe “Commitment” in Acceptance and\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommitment Therapy\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEXTRA BOX 2: Personal Values Exercise\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoes ACT Work?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReading Quiz 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupplemental Readings\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Reading Quizzes\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGlossary \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default 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