Advances in Water Desalination

Desalination is a dynamically growing field with more research, more engineering, more applications, more countries, more people, and with more training programs. This book provides high quality invited reviews on progress in various aspects of the desalination field. It features comprehensive coverage of desalination science, technology, economics, markets, energy considerations, environmental impact, and more. It is a key guide for professionals and researchers in water desalination and related areas including chemical, mechanical, and civil engineers, chemists, materials scientists, manufacturers of desalination membranes, water reuse engineers, and water authorities, as well as students in these fields.

Preface vii
Noam Lior

Introduction to the Book Series ix
Noam Lior

About the Authors xi

1. Water Desalination Revisited in Changing Physical and Economic Environments 1
Yehia M. El-Sayed

2. Environmental and Performance Aspects of Pretreatment and Desalination Technologies 79
Sabine Lattemann,^∗ Sergio G. Salinas Rodriguez, Maria D. Kennedy, Jan C. Schippers, and Gary L. Amy

3. Economic Aspects of Water Desalination 197
Amitzur Barak

4. Advances in Hollow-Fiber Reverse-Osmosis Membrane Modules in Seawater Desalination 309
Atsuo Kumano

5. Adsorption–Desalination Cycle 377
Anutosh Chakraborty, Kyaw Thu, Bidyut Baran Saha,^∗ and Kim Choon Ng∗

6. Advanced Instrumentation, Measurement, Control, and Automation (IMCA) in Multistage Flash (MSF) and Reverse-Osmosis (RO) Water Desalination 453
Noam Lior,^∗ Ali El-Nashar, and Corrado Sommariva

Index 659

“It is a key guide for professionals and researchers in water desalination and related areas including chemical, mechanical, and civil engineers, chemists, materials scientist, manufacturers of desalination membranes, water reuse engineers, and water authorities, as well as students in these fields.” (Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ, 1 March 2013

NOAM LIOR is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics at the University of Pennsylvania. He has long-standing experience in water desalination research, education, and consulting, since his doctoral work at the University of California Berkeley Seawater Conversion Laboratory. Dr. Lior has numerous publications and awards in the field, is the editor of Measurements and Control in Water Desalination, and is a member of the editorial board of the journal Desalination and an Associate Editor of the journal Desalination and Water Treatment.

Comprehensive, in-depth reviews of progress in a field of growing importance to large populations around the globe

Millions of people around the world face water shortages, millions of children die every year from water-borne diseases, and drought regularly afflicts many regions. Therefore, the search for adequate drinking water remains a pressing problem throughout the world.

Water desalination, the production of freshwater from seawater by the removal of salts, is a rapidly growing industry aimed at meeting rising water demands. However, concerns related to the significant capital costs, high energy requirements, and environmental impacts associated with desalination processes must be addressed in order to build a sustainable water desalination industry. This can be achieved by continued research and development to improve technologies and reduce costs, as well as through education and exchange of information among developers, researchers, and the public.

The book series Advances in Water Desalination is designed to meet the need for knowledge in this evolving field by covering related aspects including science, technology, economics, commercialization, and environmental impacts. The first volume in this series consists of six entries by top experts from around the world, each treating a specific topic in depth.

The important topics explored in this volume are:

• Fundamentals of desalination analysis and design
• Environmental impacts of desalination technologies
• Economic aspects of water desalination
• Advances in hollow fiber reverse osmosis membrane modules for seawater desalination
• The emerging adsorption desalination process
• Advanced instrumentation for measurement and control
• Automation in Multi-Stage Flash and Reverse Osmosis processes

Advances in Water Desalination is an excellent resource for scientists, educators, students, and researchers in industrial, governmental and academic laboratories, and for commercial developers of environmental-friendly, sustainable processes.