The Handbook of Portuguese Linguistics

The Handbook of Portuguese Linguistics presents a comprehensive overview of research within the Brazilian and European variants of the Portuguese language. It includes chapters focusing on the key areas of linguistic study, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, linguistic change, language variation and contact, and acquisition.

• Essential reference work for scholars of Portuguese linguistics and Romance languages
• Chapters written by an international team of research specialists highlight both the consensus and the controversies within the various subfields of Portuguese linguistics
• Examines Portuguese linguistics in relation to syntax, phonology, morphology, semantics/pragmatics, acquisition, and sociolinguistics
• Written in an accessible overview style and designed for advanced students and current scholars in the field alike
• Essential reference work for scholars of Portuguese linguistics and Romance languages

Notes on Contributors vii

1 History and Current Setting 1
Maria Teresa Brocardo and Celia Regina dos Santos Lopes

2 European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese: An Overview on Word Order 15
Mary Aizawa Kato and Ana Maria Martins

3 Portuguese in Contact 41
Ana Maria Carvalho and Dante Lucchesi

4 A Comparative Study of the Sounds of European and Brazilian Portuguese: Phonemes and Allophones 56
Gladis Massini‐Cagliari, Luiz Carlos Cagliari, and Wayne J. Redenbarger

5 Phonological Processes Affecting Vowels: Neutralization, Harmony, and Nasalization 69
Leda Bisol and João Veloso

6 Syllable Structure 86
Gisela Collischonn and W. Leo Wetzels

7 Main Stress and Secondary Stress in Brazilian and European Portuguese 107
José Magalhães

8 The Phonology–Syntax Interface 125
Raquel S. Santos and Marina Vigário

9 Intonation in European and Brazilian Portuguese 141
Sónia Frota and João Antônio de Moraes

10 The Phonology and Morphology of Word Formation 167
Alina Villalva and Carlos Alexandre Goncalves

11 The Morphology and Phonology of Inflection 188
Luiz Carlos Schwindt and W. Leo Wetzels

12 Clitic Pronouns: Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax 210
Ana R. Luís and Georg A. Kaiser

13 The Null Subject Parameter and the Structure of the Sentence in European and Brazilian Portuguese 234
Ines Duarte and Maria Cristina Figueiredo Silva

14 The Structure of DPs 254
Ana Maria Brito and Ruth E. V. Lopes

15 Wh‐movement: Interrogatives, Relatives and Clefts 275
Carlos Mioto and Maria Lobo

16 Null Objects and VP Ellipsis in European and Brazilian Portuguese 294
Sonia Cyrino and Gabriela Matos

17 Passives and Se Constructions 318
Ana Maria Martins and Jairo Nunes

18 Binding and Pronominal Forms in Portuguese 338
Sergio Menuzzi and Maria Lobo

19 The Semantics of DPs 356
Marcelo Barra Ferreira and Clara Nunes Correia

20 Lexical Semantics: Verb Classes and Alternations 374
Márcia Cançado and Anabela Gonçalves

21 Tense and Aspect: A Survey 392
Rodolfo Ilari, Maria Fátima Oliveira, and Renato Miguel Basso

22 Mood and Modality 408
Rui Marques and Roberta Pires de Oliveira

23 Some Issues in Negation in Portuguese 425
Scott A. Schwenter

24 Discourse Markers 441
Ana Cristina Macário Lopes

25 From Latin to Portuguese: Main Phonological Changes 457
D. Eric Holt

26 Main Morphosyntactic Changes and Grammaticalization Processes 471
Célia Regina dos Santos Lopes and Maria Teresa Brocardo

27 Main Syntactic Changes from a Principle‐and‐Parameters View 487
Charlotte Galves and Anthony Kroch

28 Main Current Processes of Phonological Variation 504
Celeste Rodrigues and Dermeval da Hora

29 Main Current Processes of Morphosyntactic Variation 526
Maria Marta Pereira Scherre and Maria Eugênia Lammoglia Duarte

30 Acquisition of Phonology 545
Giovana Ferreira‐Gonçalves and Maria João Freitas

31 Acquisition of Portuguese Syntax 562
João Costa and Ruth E. V. Lopes

32 Second Language Acquisition 578
Ana Madeira

Index 591

Leo Wetzels is Professor Emeritus of the VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands, where he held the chair of Romance languages and Amazon languages until July 2017. Since September 2017 he acts as a visiting Professor at the Federal University of Ceará in Fortaleza, Brazil and, since January 2019, as an invited researcher at the EHESS in Paris, France. He is Editor-in-Chief of Probus, International Journal of Romance Linguistics.

João Costa is Professor of Linguistics at the Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal. He served as Secretary of State of Education in the Portuguese Government (2015-2019).

Sergio Menuzzi is Professor at the Department of Classical and Vernacular Letters, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil. He is also the current director of the Faculty of Letters in the same university, and has been a researcher of the National Council of Research (CNPq) since 2004.

"Written with precision and clarity, this handbook accomplishes the feat of summarizing the complexity of some of the most visited linguistic issues of Portuguese without overwhelming the uninitiated reader, while also providing sufficient analytical depth to please sophisticated researchers of Romance and general linguistics and of other disciplines. This is certainly a useful comprehensive reference on Portuguese linguistics to have in one's library." Rafael Núñez-Cedeño, University of Illinois at Chicago

"…a veritable tour de force. Not only have the editors brought together many of the top specialists in Portuguese linguistics but they have also managed to cover all major areas of research… This handbook is indispensable for anybody interested in Portuguese linguistics, Romance linguistics and general linguistics. The editors should be congratulated on their choice of contributors and themes, which strike an excellent balance between descriptive and theoretical issues." Jacques Durand, Professor Emeritus Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail

"For the first time in contemporary linguistics, we have a book that offers an extremely rich and comprehensive view of the history, grammar, and acquisition of both the European and Brazilian dialects of Portuguese in every area of the organization of language. Besides providing linguists working on Portuguese with rich descriptive and analytical tools, this book's parallel approach to the two varieties makes it invaluable for those interested in comparative linguistics and the principles and parameters approach of generative grammar." Eduardo P. Raposo, University of California, Santa Barbara

The Handbook of Portuguese Linguistics presents a comprehensive overview of research within the Brazilian and European variants of the Portuguese language. It includes chapters focusing on the key areas of linguistic study, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, linguistic change, language variation and contact, and acquisition.

Authored by an international team of scholars, this Handbook introduces advanced students and scholars to the essential aspects of diversity across the world's languages. The first work of its kind in this growing field of research, The Handbook of Portuguese Linguistics is sure to become an indispensable reference work for linguists across the research spectrum.