The American Cancer Society's Principles of Oncology

Developed by the American Cancer Society this new textbook designed for a wide range of learners and practitioners is a comprehensive reference covering the diagnosis of cancer, and a range of related issues that are key to a multidisciplinary approach to cancer and critical to cancer control and may be used in conjunction with the book, The American Cancer Society's Oncology in Practice: Clinical Management. Edited by leading clinicians in the field and a stellar contributor list from the US and Europe, this book is written in an easy to understand style by multidisciplinary teams of medical oncologists, radiation oncologists and other specialists, reflecting day-to-day decision-making and clinical practice. Input from pathologists, surgeons, radiologists, and other specialists is included wherever relevant and comprehensive treatment guidelines are provided by expert contributors where there is no standard recognized treatment. This book is an ideal resource for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of cancer prevention, screening, and follow-up, which are central to the ACS's worldwide mission on cancer control.

Editorial Board and Reviewers viii

List of Contributors ix

Introduction xv

Section 1 | Cancer Causes, Prevention, and Early Detection 1

1 Descriptive Epidemiology 3
Rebecca L. Siegel, Kimberly D. Miller, and Ahmedin Jemal

2 Fundamentals of Cancer Epidemiology 15
Susan M. Gapstur and Eric J. Jacobs

3 Socioeconomic Inequalities in Cancer Incidence and Mortality 23
Gopal K. Singh and Ahmedin Jemal

4 The Global Burden of Cancer 33
Ahmedin Jemal and Lindsey A. Torre

5 Counseling and Testing for Inherited Predisposition to Cancer 45
Emily Glogowski, Kasmintan A. Schrader, Kelly L. Stratton, and Kenneth Offit

6 Tobacco 58
Thomas J. Glynn, Richard D. Hurt, and J. Lee Westmaas

7 Microbial Carcinogens 72
Edgar P. Simard and Ahmedin Jemal

8 Environmental and Occupational Carcinogens 81
Elizabeth Ward

9 Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention 92
Stacey Fedewa, Rebecca L. Siegel, Colleen Doyle, Marji L. McCullough, and Alpa V. Patel

10 Sun Protection 99
Andrew C. Walls and Martin A. Weinstock

11 Screening and Early Detection 110
Robert A. Smith, Otis W. Brawley, and Richard C. Wender

Section 2 | Cancer Biology 137

12 The Principles and Drivers of Cancer 139
Charles Saxe and William C. Phelps

Section 3 | Diagnosis 153

13 Imaging in Oncology 155
Andreas G. Wibmer, Andreas M. Hötker, Maura Miccò, David M. Panicek, and Hedvig Hricak

14 The Pathologic Evaluation of Neoplastic Diseases 164
John D. Pfeifer and Mark R. Wick

15 Cancer Staging 184
Frederick L. Greene and Lauren A. Kosinski

Section 4 | Treatment Modalities 191

16 Surgical Oncology Overview 193
M. Andrew Sicard and Benjamin D. Li

17 Radiotherapy 204
Curtiland Deville, Jr., Gaurav Shukla, Ramesh Rengan, and Charles R. Thomas, Jr.

18 Cytotoxic Chemotherapy 220
R. Donald Harvey and Fadlo R. Khuri

19 Hormonal Therapy for Cancer 236
Amelia B. Zelnak and Bradley C. Carthon

20 Immunotherapy of Cancer 244
Diwakar Davar, Ahmad A. Tarhini, and John M. Kirkwood

21 Targeted Therapies 267
Elizabeth Kessler, Paul Brittain, S. Lindsey Davis, Stephen Leong, S. Gail Eckhardt, and Christopher H. Lieu

22 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Cancer 284
Joshua F. Zeidner, Christopher G. Kanakry, and Leo Luznik

23 Diet, Physical Activity, and Weight Control for Cancer Patients and Survivors 293
Wendy Demark]Wahnefried, Laura Q. Rogers, Catherine M. Alfano, Cynthia A. Thomson, Kerry S. Courneya, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Nicole L. Stout, Elizabeth Kvale, Heidi Ganzer, Ted Gansler, and Jennifer A. Ligibel

24 Clinical Trials 306
Olwen M. Hahn and Richard L. Schilsky

25 Complementary and Alternative (Integrative) Oncology 315
Gabriel Lopez, Richard Lee, M. Kay Garcia, Alejandro Chaoul, and Lorenzo Cohen

Section 5 | Geriatric Oncology 323

26 Geriatric Oncology 325
Arvind M. Shinde, Sumanta K. Pal, and Arti Hurria

Section 6 | Symptom Management, Palliative Care, Complications and Toxicities of Treatment, Patient]Reported Outcomes, etc. 333

27 Palliative and Supportive Care 335
Rony Dev and Eduardo Bruera

28 Sexuality and Fertility 359
Jeanne Carter, Shari B. Goldfarb, Yukio Sonoda, Christian J. Nelson, Maura N. Dickler, and John P. Mulhall

29 Psychiatric Issues in Cancer Patients 379
Andrew J. Roth and Adrienne Jaeger

30 Oncologic Emergencies 393
Mark A. Lewis, William J. Hogan, and Timothy J. Moynihan

31 Patient]Reported Outcomes in Cancer: Application and Utility in Clinical Practice and Research 409
Kevin D. Stein, Tenbroeck Smith, Joseph E. Bauer, Deborah L. Driscoll, and Dexter L. Cooper

32 Survivorship Care 419
Emily Tonorezos, Shrujal S. Baxi, Victoria Blinder, Darren R. Feldman, Danielle Novetsky Friedman, Matthew Matasar, Talya Salz, Armin Shahrokni, and Kevin C. Oeffinger

Index 437

The American Cancer Society is a global grassroots force of nearly 2 million volunteers dedicated to saving lives, celebrating lives, and leading the fight for a world without cancer. From breakthrough research, to free lodging near treatment, a 24/7/365 live helpline, free rides to treatment, and convening powerful activists to create awareness and impact, the Society is the only organization attacking cancer from every angle. For more information go to www.cancer.org.

Comprehensively addresses all aspects of cancer prevention and survivorship taking a balanced, authoritative and, where possible, evidence-based stance

The American Cancer Society's Principles of Oncology: Prevention to Survivorship is a modern textbook covering a range of topics that are key to a multidisciplinary approach to cancer and critical to cancer control. It covers the causes of cancer, prevention and early detection, cancer biology, diagnosis, and staging. A final section discusses symptom management, palliative care, complications, survivorship, and surrounding issues such as fertility and sexuality after cancer, and psychiatric complications. Designed for a wide range of learners and practitioners, this resource places special emphasis on cancer prevention, screening, and follow-up, which are central to the American Cancer Society's worldwide mission on cancer control.

Developed by the American Cancer Society, this new textbook covers: descriptive epidemiology; fundamentals of cancer epidemiology; socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence and mortality; counseling and testing for inherited predisposition to cancer; microbial, environmental, and occupational carcinogens; screening and early detection; principles and drivers of cancer; imaging in oncology; the pathologic evaluation of neoplastic diseases; radiotherapy; cytotoxic chemotherapy; hormonal therapy; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; diet, physical activity, and weight control for patients and survivors; clinical trials; geriatric oncology; supportive care; sexuality and fertility; psychiatric issues in cancer patients; survivorship care; and more.

• Written by a prestigious list of contributors from the U.S. and Europe and edited by a multidisciplinary team of leaders in all aspects of cancer-related healthcare.
• Focuses on evidence based research and clinical practice throughout
• Written in an easy-to-understand style by multidisciplinary teams of medical, radiation, and surgical oncologists, other clinical specialists including radiologists and pathologists, primary care clinicians, epidemiologists, cancer biologists, and other cancer professionals, reflecting day-to-day decision-making and clinical practice
• Can be used as a companion book to The American Cancer Society's Oncology in Practice: Clinical Management

The American Cancer Society's Principles of Oncology: Prevention to Survivorship is an ideal resource for a wide range of learners and practitioners seeking a comprehensive understanding of prevention and early detection in the field of oncology.