Industrial Guide to Chemical and Drug Safety

Exposure to a wide variety of chemicals and drugs has become common in industrial, laboratory, and even household environments. Fortunately, global understanding and consequently global safety standards regarding the management of toxic and hazardous substances are fast approaching uniformity. The methods of handling, use, transportation, storage, and disposal in particular are moving toward standardization. As these protocols involving chemicals and drugs continue to cross international borders, students and professionals need a reliable resource to ensure they observe appropriate safety standards. The Industrial Guide to Chemical and Drug Safety covers not only current standards, but also a wealth of information on toxins to help regulatory bodies develop new protocols.

Written in an accessible narrative style, the Guide covers chemicals by key classes such as solvents, pesticides, and metals, and also by key industries such as drugs, food additives, plastics, cosmetics, detergents, and soaps. The book explains the beneficial and harmful aspects of a broad range of materials to which students, trainees, skilled workers, managers, and personnel associated with regulatory agencies are exposed, with the purpose of helping them avoid the illnesses associated with the misuse of chemicals and drugs. Chapters include:

-Heavy Metals
-Pesticides
-Industrial Solvents
-Industrial Gases and Fumes
-Drugs
-Target Organ Toxicity
-Disposal of Hazardous Chemicals
-Guidance to Students and Workers
-Good Laboratory Practice

Foreword xxiii

Preface xxv

Acknowledgments xxvii

Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemical and Drug Safety 1

Chapter 2 Principles of Toxicity and Safety 19

Chapter 3 Heavy Metals 59

Chapter 4 Organochlorine Pesticides 89

Chapter 5 Organophosphorus Pesticides 123

Chapter 6 Herbicides and Fungicides 157

Chapter 7 Carbamates 184

Chapter 8 Synthetic Pyrethroids, Fumigants, and Rodenticides 198

Chapter 9 Industrial Solvents 207

Chapter 10 Food Additives and Food Contaminants 242

Chapter 11 Industrial Gases and Fumes 252

Chapter 12 Drugs: Discovery and Development 259

Chapter 13 Drugs and Human Diseases 275

Chapter 14 Nonmedical Use of Drugs 320

Chapter 15 Drugs and Pharmaceuticals: Safety Considerations 332

Chapter 16 Target Organ Toxicity 377

Chapter 17 Disposal of Hazardous Chemicals 408

Chapter 18 Good Laboratory Practice 429

Chapter 19 Safety Evaluation: Methods and Procedures 465

Chapter 20 Guidance for Laboratory Students and Occupational Workers 504

Appendixes 521

Glossary 597

Index 617

"…a readable textbook with extensive breath and adequate depth. Readers can use this text to obtain a broad foundation or to use as a quick reference…” (Veterinary Pathology, September 2004)

"...concise and clear...written in an accessible narrative style...offers valuable information to the target audience..." (The British Toxicological Society, No. 24, Summer 2004)

“...this book is just the right size for anyone’s bookshelf...a great textbook or resource text...” (Chemical Health & Safety, November/December 2003)

"What a volume of information!...a must for beginning graduate students, enthusiastic workers...and even as a reference for experienced colleagues in toxicology." (Veterinary and Human Toxicology, Vol. 45, No. 4, August 2003)

"This comprehensive work contains a vast amount of information... it is intended for laboratory personnel involved in the manufacture of chemicals, but it contains information that will be useful for anyone who handles or is exposed to chemicals or who is interested in action and effects of chemical substances.... Essential." (Choice, Vol. 41, No. 3, November 2003)

"...offers the reader a good first introduction to this extensive and complex area." (Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, Vol. 42(24), 2003)

Turuvekere Subrahmanya Shanmukha DIKSHITH, PhD, was the head of The Pesticide Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, (CSIR), Lucknow, and later director of the Toxicology Research Laboratory, VIMTA Labs Ltd., Hyderabad, India. He is presently the Consultant, Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute for Chemical Technology (CSIR), Hyderabad, India. He is a member of the World Health Organization Task Group on Environmental Health Criteria Documents and the International Program on Chemical Safety. He is also the editor of Toxicology of Pesticides in Animals, and author of Safety Evaluation of Environmental Chemicals.

PRAKASH V. DIWAN, PhD, is the Deputy Director, Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR), Hyderabad, India. He has been elected as a Fellow of the Andhra Pradesh Academy of Sciences.

An authoritative resource covering a broad range of toxic materials

Exposure to a wide variety of chemicals and drugs has become common in industrial, laboratory, and even household environments. Fortunately, global understanding and consequently global safety standards regarding the management of toxic and hazardous substances are fast approaching uniformity. The methods of handling, use, transportation, storage, and disposal in particular are moving toward standardization. As these protocols involving chemicals and drugs continue to cross international borders, students and professionals need a reliable resource to ensure they observe appropriate safety standards. The Industrial Guide to Chemical and Drug Safety covers not only current standards, but also a wealth of information on toxins to help regulatory bodies develop new protocols.

Written in an accessible narrative style, the Guide covers chemicals by key classes such as solvents, pesticides, and metals, and also by key industries such as drugs, food additives, plastics, cosmetics, detergents, and soaps. The book explains the beneficial and harmful aspects of a broad range of materials to which students, trainees, skilled workers, managers, and personnel associated with regulatory agencies are exposed, with the purpose of helping them avoid the illnesses associated with the misuse of chemicals and drugs. Chapters include:

• Heavy Metals
• Pesticides
• Industrial Solvents
• Industrial Gases and Fumes
• Drugs
• Target Organ Toxicity
• Disposal of Hazardous Chemicals
• Guidance to Students and Workers
• Good Laboratory Practice

T. S. S. Dikshith and Prakash Diwan’s authoritative text offers valuable guidance to a host of occupational workers who regularly handle hazardous chemicals and drugs.