Developments in Lubricant Technology

Examines all stages of Lubricant formulations, production and applications

Developments in Lubricant Technology describes the basics of Lubricant formulations and their application in variety of equipment and engines. Divided into twenty chapters, this book provides an introduction to lubricant technology for users, young scientists and engineers desirous of understanding this subject. The book covers all major classes of lubricants including base oils (mineral, chemically modified and synthetic), followed by the description of chemical- additives and their evaluation. A brief chapter on the friction-wear and lubrication has been provided to understand the behaviour of lubricants in equipment. Major industrial oils such as turbine, hydraulic, gear, compressor and metal working fluids have been described. Automotive engine, gear and transmission oils for passenger cars, commercial vehicles, rail-road, marine, natural gas engines and 2T, 4T small engines have been discussed at length with latest specifications and global trends. Various synthetic oils and environmentally friendly products have also been described in the relevant chapters to understand the critical applications of such products in modern equipment and engines. Finally lubricants blending technology, quality control, their storage, handling, re-refining and condition monitoring in equipment have been discussed along with the typical lubricant tests and their significance.

Preface vii

Part I Lubricant Basics 1

Chapter 1 Introduction: Lubricant Scenario 3

Chapter 2 Classification of Lubricants 7

Chapter 3 Mineral and Chemically Modified Lubricating Base Oils 23

Chapter 4 Synthesized Base Oils 43

Chapter 5 Lubricant Additives and Their Evaluation 61

Chapter 6 Lubrication, Friction, and Wear 87

Part II Industrial Lubricants 103

Chapter 7 Steam and Gas Turbine Oils 105

Chapter 8 Hydraulic Fluids 117

Chapter 9 Compressor, Vacuum Pump, and Refrigeration Oils 137

Part III Gear Oils and Transmission Fluids 159

Chapter 10 Industrial and Automotive Gear Oils 161

Chapter 11 Automatic Transmission Fluids 179

Part IV Automotive Lubricants and Mwfs 195

Chapter 12 Passenger Car Motor Oils 197

Chapter 13 Engine Oils For Commercial Vehicles 219

Chapter 14 Two-Stroke and Small Engine Lubricants 239

Chapter 15 Railroad, Marine and Natural Gas Engine Oils 249

Chapter 16 Metalworking Fluids 271

Part V Blending, Re-Refining, Monitoring And Test Methods 289

Chapter 17 Lubricants: Blending, Quality Control, And Handling 291

Chapter 18 Rerefining and Recycling Of Used Lubricating Oil 299

Chapter 19 In-Service Monitoring Of Lubricants and Failure Analysis 309

Chapter 20 Lubricant Tests and Their Significance 323

Index 338

S. P. SRIVASTAVA has forty-five years of research experience in the field of fuels, lubricants, and additives. He is a former executive director of the R&D center of Indian Oil Corporation (a global Fortune 500 company), and Director of Indian Oil Blending Ltd and Iftex Oils & Chemicals Ltd. Dr. Srivastava has been responsible for developing an entire range of fuels and lubricants for the Indian Oil Corporation. The author and coauthor of 200 research papers, thirty patents, and five books, Dr. Srivastava is currently an independent consultant on fuels and lubricants.

Examines all stages of Lubricant formulations, production and applications

Developments in Lubricant Technology describes the basics of Lubricant formulations and their application in variety of equipment and engines. Divided into twenty chapters, this book provides an introduction to lubricant technology for users, young scientists and engineers desirous of understanding this subject. The book covers all major classes of lubricants including base oils (mineral, chemically modified and synthetic), followed by the description of chemical- additives and their evaluation. A brief chapter on the friction-wear and lubrication has been provided to understand the behaviour of lubricants in equipment. Major industrial oils such as turbine, hydraulic, gear, compressor and metal working fluids have been described. Automotive engine, gear and transmission oils for passenger cars, commercial vehicles, rail-road, marine, natural gas engines and 2T, 4T small engines have been discussed at length with latest specifications and global trends. Various synthetic oils and environmentally friendly products have also been described in the relevant chapters to understand the critical applications of such products in modern equipment and engines. Finally lubricants blending technology, quality control, their storage, handling, re-refining and condition monitoring in equipment have been discussed along with the typical lubricant tests and their significance.