A Companion to the Philosophy of Time

A Companion to the Philosophy of Time presents the broadest treatment of this subject yet; 32 specially commissioned articles - written by an international line-up of experts – provide an unparalleled reference work for students and specialists alike in this exciting field.

• The most comprehensive reference work on the philosophy of time currently available
• The first collection to tackle the historical development of the philosophy of time in addition to covering contemporary work
• Provides a tripartite approach in its organization, covering history of the philosophy of time, time as a feature of the physical world, and time as a feature of experience
• Includes contributions from both distinguished, well-established scholars and rising stars in the field

Notes on Contributors xi

Acknowledgments xvii

Introduction 1
Heather Dyke and Adrian Bardon

Part I The History of the Philosophy of Time 7

1 Heraclitus and Parmenides 9
Ronald C. Hoy

2 Zeno’s Paradoxes 30
Niko Strobach

3 Aristotle on Time and Change 47
Andrea Falcon

4 Determinism, Fatalism, and Freedom in Stoic Philosophy 59
Ricardo Salles

5 Creation and Eternity in Medieval Philosophy 73
Jon McGinnis

6 Newton’s Philosophy of Time 87
Eric Schliesser

7 Classical Empiricism 102
Lorne Falkenstein

8 Kant and Time-Order Idealism 120
Andrew Brook

9 Husserl and the Phenomenology of Temporality 135
Shaun Gallagher

10 The Emergence of a New Family of Theories of Time 151
John Bigelow

11 The B-Theory in the Twentieth Century 167
M. Joshua Mozersky

Part II Time as a Feature of the Physical World 183

12 Time in Classical and Relativistic Physics 185
Gordon Belot

13 Time in Cosmology 201
Chris Smeenk

14 On Time in Quantum Physics 220
Jeremy Butterfield

15 Time in Quantum Gravity 242
Nick Huggett, Tiziana Vistarini, and Christian Wüthrich

16 The Arrow of Time in Physics 262
David Wallace

17 Time and Causation 282
Mathias Frisch

18 Time Travel and Time Machines 301
Douglas Kutach

19 The Passage of Time 315
Simon Prosser

20 Time and Tense 328
Heather Dyke

21 Presentism, Eternalism, and the Growing Block 345
Kristie Miller

22 Change and Identity over Time 365
Dana Lynne Goswick

Part III Time as a Feature of Human Experience 387

23 The Perception of Time 389
Barry Dainton

24 Transcendental Arguments and Temporal Experience 410
Georges Dicker

25 Memory 432
Jordi Fernández

26 Time in Mind 444
Julian Kiverstein and Valtteri Arstila

27 The Representation of Time in Agency 470
Holly Andersen

28 Temporal Indexicals 486
John Perry

29 Time – The Emotional Asymmetry 507
Caspar Hare

30 Evolutionary Explanations of Temporal Experience 521
Heather Dyke and James Maclaurin

31 Time and Freedom 535
Robin Le Poidevin

32 Time and Morality 549
Krister Bykvist

Index 563

Heather Dyke is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Otago in New Zealand. She has published many articles on the philosophy of time, and is the author of Metaphysics and the Representational Fallacy (2008), and editor of Time and Ethics: Essays at the Intersection (2003) and From Truth to Reality: New Essays in Logic and Metaphysics (2009).

Adrian Bardon is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. He is the editor of The Future of the Philosophy of Time (2012) and author of A Brief History of the Philosophy of Time (2013).

"This is an indispensable collection of articles on the philosophy of time. Its contributors illuminate every major aspect of it and its history. I can think of no better guide to the subject." Hugh Mellor, University of Cambridge

"In this exceptional collection of original essays, Adrian Bardon and Heather Dyke have put together a volume that makes an invaluable and lasting contribution to the philosophy of time." L. Nathan Oaklander, University of Michigan-Flint

"Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates, graduate students, and faculty." Choice

The philosophy of time has been a central area of concern for philosophers for thousands of years. It remains one of the most active areas of academic philosophy, but the study of time has never been more dynamic and interdisciplinary than now. A Companion to the Philosophy of Time presents the broadest coverage of this subject yet; 32 specially commissioned articles – written by an international line-up of experts – span the history of the philosophy of time, contemporary philosophical issues in the nature and reality of time, and contemporary philosophical issues in the experience and perception of time.

The Companion takes a tripartite approach in its structure; the first section features essays on the development of the philosophy of time from the pre-Socratic period through the 20th century, and comprises a unique collection of essays devoted to the history of the philosophy of time. The second and third sections are divided into reflections on the physics and metaphysics of time, and the human experience of time. Throughout the Companion, essays reflect the close partnership between philosophy and the natural sciences in the study of time. The resulting work provides an unparalleled work of reference for students and specialists alike in this exciting field.