Modeling and Simulation of Catalytic Reactors for Petroleum Refining

Modeling and Simulation of Catalytic Reactors for Petroleum Refining deals with fundamental descriptions of the main conversion processes employed in the petroleum refining industry: catalytic hydrotreating, catalytic reforming, and fluid catalytic cracking. Common approaches for modeling of catalytic reactors for steady-state and dynamic simulations are also described and analyzed. Aspects such as thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, process variables, process scheme, and reactor design are discussed in detail from both research and commercial points of view. Results of simulation with the developed models are compared with those determined at pilot plant scale as well as commercial practice. Kinetics data used in the reactor model are either taken from the literature or obtained under controlled experiments at the laboratory. PREFACE.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR.

1 Petroleum Refining.

1.1 Properties of Petroleum.

1.2 Assay of Crude Oils.

1.3 Separation Processes.

1.4 Upgrading of Distillates.

1.5 Upgrading of Heavy Feeds.

2 Reactor Modeling in Petroleum Refining Industry.

2.1 Description of Reactors.

2.2 Deviation from an Ideal Flow Pattern.

2.3 Kinetic Modeling Approaches.

2.4 Reactor Modeling.

3. Modeling of Catalytic Hydrotreating.

3.1 The Hydrotreating Process.

3.2 Fundamentals of Hydrotreating.

3.3 Reactor Modeling.

4. Modeling of Catalytic Reforming.

4.1 The Catalytic Reforming Process.

4.2 Fundamentals of Catalytic Reforming.

4.3 Reactor Modeling.

5. Modelling and Simulation of the Fluidised-Bed Catalytic Cracking Converter (Rafael Maya-Yescas).

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Reaction Mechanism of Catalytic Cracking.

5.3 Simulation to Estimate Kinetic Parameters.

5.4 Simulation to Find Controlling Reaction Steps During Catalytic Cracking.

5.5 Simulation of Steady Operation of the Riser Reactor.

5.6 Simulation to Scale-Up Kinetic Factors.

5.7 Simulation of the Regenerator Reactor.

5.8 Modelling of the Catalyst Stripper.

5.9 Simulation of the Controlled FCC Unit.

5.10 Technological Improvements and Modifications.

5.11 Conclusions.

INDEX.

"The text can serve as a reference for chemical and process engineers, computational chemists and modelers, catalysis researchers, and professionals in petroleum refining. It can also be used as a textbook either for a full course in reaction engineering or as a supplement in related courses". (Booknews, 1 June 2011 JORGE ANCHEYTA, PhD, is a research and development project leader at the Mexican Petroleum Institute (IMP) and professor at the National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico. Dr. Ancheyta has been awarded the Highest Level (III) National Researcher Distinction by the Mexican government and is a member of the Mexican Academy of Science. He has also served as a guest editor of various international journals including Catalysis Today, Petroleum Science and Technology, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Energy & Fuels, and Fuel. The ultimate guide to reactor modeling in the petroleum refining industry

A thorough understanding of the chemical processes occurring in catalytic reactors is essential for anyone involved in the development of new technologies in the petroleum refining industry. This book offers a detailed, up-to-date treatment of the main conversion processes employed in crude-oil refining, including catalytic hydrotreating, catalytic reforming, and fluid catalytic cracking. It clearly explains commonly used approaches to reactor modeling for steady-state and dynamic simulations, discussing thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, process variables, process schemes, and reactor design.

With an emphasis on all things practical, the book provides a wealth of real-world examples and simulation results, illustrating how to simulate both experimental reaction units and commercial plants. Readers will find all the requisite data for building and validating models and learn how to adapt their own computer programs for use in reactor simulation, optimization, and design. Coverage includes:

• An overview of petroleum refining topics, such as petroleum properties, separation, and upgrading processes

• Detailed descriptions of the different reactor models, comparing advantages and disadvantages

• Key features of catalytic hydrotreating reactors, along with modeling and simulation examples

• Conversion processes involved in catalytic reforming, plus modeling and validating a kinetic reforming model

• Modeling and simulation of the fluid catalytic cracking reactor in a wide range of situations

• Hundreds of citations drawing on virtually all previously published works on the subject

Timely, authoritative, and complete, Modeling and Simulation of Catalytic Reactors for Petroleum Refining is an essential reference for chemical and process engineers, computational chemists and modelers, researchers and professionals in the petroleum industry, and anyone wishing to develop commercial simulators and software for reactor modeling.