Rhythms of Dialogue in Infancy

Coordination between infant and adult is thought to be essential to infant development. However, the study is theoretically and methodologically grounded in a dyadic systems perspective and relational psychoanalysis. Our automated apparatus explores the micro-second timing of 4-month infant-adult vocal coordination to predict 12-month infant attachment and cognition. This work also further defines a fundamental dyadic timing matrix that guides the trajectory of infant development. Abstract.

Introduction.

Literature Review.

Method.

Results: The Timing of Sound and Silence.

Results: Coordinated Interpersonal Timing (CIT) at Age 4 Months.

Results: CIT Rhythms at Age 4 Months Predicts Outcomes at Age 12 Months.

Discussion.

References.

Acknowledgments.

Commentaries.

Dialogical Nature of Cognition (Philippe Rochat).

Face-to-Face Play: Its Temporal Structure as Predictor of Socioaffective Development (Daniel N. Stern).

Contributors.

Statement of Editorial Policy.

Contributors Include:

Joseph Jaffe M.D. Theoretical Biology and Neuroscience Department of Communication Sciences, N.Y.S. Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry (in Neurosurgery), College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia

Beatrice Beebe Ph.D. Infancy and Psychoanalysis Department of Communication Sciences, N.Y.S. Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University N.Y.U. Postdoctoral Program in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis

Stanley Feldstein Ph.D. Statistics, Communication and Clinical Research Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County

Cynthia L. Crown Ph.D. Social Psychology Department of Psychology, Xavier University

Michael D. Jasnow Ph.D. Psychoanalysis, Child Psychology and Cognitive Science Center for Professional Psychology, George Washington University

Coordination between infant and adult is thought to be essential to development. However, evidence on this topic is sparse. The research in this Monograph—grounded in a dyadic systems perspective and relational psychoanalysis—addresses the issue of vocal coordination. The research employs an automated apparatus to examine the micro-second vocal coordinations of 4-month old infants with their mothers and with strangers. These coordinations are then used to predict infant attachment and cognition at 12 months. The results demonstrate that coordination is related to the contexts of partner (mother/stranger), site (home/lab) and outcome (attachment/cognition). Although "more" is often assumed to be "better," a midrange of coordination was found to be optimal for attachment. However, for cognition a high degree of coordination between stranger and infant in the lab was optimal. There was more mutual coordination between infant and stranger than infant and mother. This suggests that mutual, or bi-directional, coordination assesses vigilance rather than "attunement." The coordination between infant and stranger predicted attachment status just as well as that between infant and mother. In addition, infant and stranger coordination was the most powerful cognitive predictor. This work further defines a fundamental dyadic timing matrix that guides infant development.