Historical Linguistics

This book goes beyond the boundaries of a standard text, using controversial and compelling ideas to explore the relationship between fundamental concepts in historical linguistics.

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• An original and engaging introduction to the subject of historical linguistics

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• Presents controversial but compelling ideas in developing a clear understanding as to why historical linguistics has had significant success in some domains, such as phonological history, and why it is considerably less successful in others

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• Explores the relationship between fundamental concepts in historical linguistics, topics such as 'language' and 'change', and corresponding notions in contemporary (synchronic) linguistic theory

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• Features extensive discussion of traditional and theoretically-oriented historical work in the domains of phonology and syntax.

Introduction viii

Part I: “Language” and “Language Change”: Preliminaries 1

1. What is “Language”? 3

2. Linguistic Artifacts: Philology 19

3. What is a “Descent” Relationship? 27

Part II: Phonological Change 49

4. Galilean-Style Phonology 51

5. The Traditional Approach 68

6. In-Depth Consideration of Selected Issues 91

7. The Regularity of Sound Change 124

Part III: Syntactic Change 147

8. What is Syntactic Change? 149

9. The Diachrony of Clitics: Phonology and Syntax 194

Part IV: Reconstruction Methodology 223

10. Reconstruction Methodology 225

Part V: Concluding Remarks 255

11. Synchronic and Diachronic Linguistics 257

References 262

Index 267

“This book will be a boon to educators who teach courses that go beyond a basic introduction to historical linguistics and who seek to link issues in linguistic change to questions in theoretical phonology or syntax … This book is firmly on my list of the few crucial texts for historical linguists … students should be encouraged to read this volume critically to broaden their horizons and deepen their thoughts.” Times Higher Education Supplement

“The appearance of this book is one of the most exciting events in historical linguistics in many decades: the book is a stunning achievement. No historical linguist can afford to ignore Hale’s attempt to provide a solid theoretical foundation for the field’s methodological successes, and to link synchronic theoretical linguistics to the study of language change. Hale’s perspective is original and stimulating, as is his lively writing style; some of his claims are sure to be controversial, but those who disagree with him will have to work hard to counter his arguments.” Sarah Thomason, University of Michigan

Mark Hale is Associate Professor of Linguistics at Concordia University, Montreal. His research centers on the relationship between contemporary theoretical linguistics and traditional historical linguistic methodology. Historical Linguistics explores the relationship between fundamental concepts in historical linguistics, such as language change, and the corresponding ideas in contemporary (synchronic) linguistic theory. Going beyond the boundaries of a standard text, this volume presents the reader with controversial but compelling ideas, developing a firm foundation and a clear understanding as to why historical linguistics has had significant success in some domains, such as phonological change, and been considerably less successful in other, like diachronic syntax. This book is designed for students and scholars with an interest in historical linguistics, especially in the relationship between diachronic and synchronic work in contemporary linguistics.