Handbook of Graphene, Volume 6

The sixth volume in a series of handbooks on graphene research and applications

The Handbook of Graphene, Volume 6: Biosensors and Advanced Sensors discusses the unique benefits that the discovery of graphene has brought to the sensing and biosensing sectors. It examines graphene's use in leading-edge technology applications and the development of a variety of graphene-based sensors. The handbook looks at how graphene can be used as an electrode, substrate, or transducer in sensor design. Graphene-based sensor detection has achieved up to femto-levels, with performances delivering the advantages of greater selectivity, sensitivity, and stability.

Preface xvii

Section 1: Biosensors 1

1 Graphene-Based Biosensors: Fundamental Concepts, Outline of Utility, and Future Scopes 3
Soumya Kar and Prashant K. Sarswat

2 Graphene for Electrochemical Biosensors in Biomedical Applications 15
Haiyun Liu and Jinghua Yu

3 Graphene-Based Biosensors in Agro-Defense: Food Safety and Animal Health Diagnosis 29
Rohit Chand, Satish K. Tuteja and Suresh Neethirajan

4 Trends and Frontiers in Graphene-Based (Bio)sensors for Pesticides Electroanalysis 59
Camila P. Sousa, Francisco W. P. Ribeiro, Thiago M. B. F. Oliveira, Adriana N. Correia, Pedro de Lima-Neto and Simone Morais

5 Graphene-Based Biosensors: Design, Construction, and Validation. Toward a Nanotechnological Tool for the Rapid in-Field Detection of Food Toxicants and Environmental Pollutants 99
Christina G. Siontorou, Georgia-Paraskevi Nikoleli, Dimitrios P. Nikolelis, Stephanos Karapetis and Marianna-Thalia Nikolelis

6 Application of Porous Graphene in Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors 117
Xiangjie Bo and Liping Guo

7 Reduced Graphene Oxide for Biosensing and Electrocatalytic Applications 143
Anna Jablonska, Sylwia Berbec, Agnieszka Swietlikowska, Mateusz Kasztelan and Barbara Palys

8 Recent Progress in the Graphene-Based Electrochemical Biosensors Development 181
Elzbieta Regulska and Joanna Breczko

9 Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Green Synthesized Graphene and Graphene Nanocomposites 233
Mahmoud Amouzadeh Tabrizi and Lluis F. Marsal

10 Recent Biosensing Applications of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials 297
Kavita Arora

11 Graphene-Based Sensors: Applications in Electrochemical (Bio)sensing 349
Claudia A. Razzino, Livia F. Sgobbi, Fernanda R. Marciano and Anderson O. Lobo

12 Graphene-Based Fiber Optic Label-Free Biosensor 371
Xianfeng Chen, Jianlong Zhao and Lin Zhang

13 Label-Free Biosensors Based on Graphene: State-of-the-Art 397
Seyed Morteza Naghib and Sadegh Ghorbanzade

Section 2: Advanced Sensors 429

14 Graphene Molecules as Platforms for SERS Detection: A Future Perspective 431
Nicolás Ramos-Berdullas, Nicolás Otero and Marcos Mandado

15 Graphene-Based Electrochemical Aptasensors 465
V. Cengiz Ozalp, Göktug Karabiyik, A. Tahir Bayrac, Samet Ucak and Bilge G. Tuna

16 Self-Organized 3D Graphene as a Robust Sensing Platform 483
F. Bourquard, C. Donnet, F. Garrelie, A.-S. Loir, F. Vocanson, V. Barnier, C. Chaix, C. Farre, N. Jaffrezic-Renault, F. Lagarde and G. Raimondi

17 Interactions of Molecular Species with Graphene and Graphene Sensing 509
Simin Feng, Ruitao Lv, Mauricio Terrones and Maria Cristina dos Santos

18 Graphene-Based Nanocomposite Materials for the Design of Electrochemical Sensors and Their Applications 535
Qinglin Sheng, Xiujuan Qiao, Ming Zhou, Tianli Yue and Jianbin Zheng

19 Self-Assembled Thin Films of Graphene Materials for Sensors 569
Celina M. Miyazaki, Cristiane M. Daikuzono and Marystela Ferreira

20 Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide: A Smart Material for Electrochemical Sensing 603
Sheetal K. Kaushik and Tinku Basu

21 Graphene and Graphene Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors 631
Mihaela Tertis, Luminita Fritea, Robert Sandulescu and Cecilia Cristea

22 Controlling the Electromagnetic and Electrochemical Sensing Properties of Graphenes via Heteroatom Doping 663
Faisal Shahzad and Chong Min Koo

23 Graphene and Graphene Composites-Modified Electrodes Surfaces for Selective Sensing of Dopamine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid 683
Nadeem Baig and Abdel-Nasser Kawde

24 Finite Element Analysis of Graphene Materials 707
Androniki S. Tsiamaki, Dimitrios E. Katsareas and Nick K. Anifantis

25 Quantitative Real-Time Evaluation of C/O Ratios and Stepwise Control of Deoxidization of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic-Based Electrochemical Spectroscopy 731
Nan-Fu Chiu, Chun-Chuan Kuo, Cheng-Du Yang and Chi-Chu Chen

26 Electronic Transport upon Adsorption of Biomolecules on Graphene 767
S.J. Rodríguez, L. Makinistian and E.A. Albanesi

Acknowledgments 788

References 788

Index 793

Barbara Palys received her PhD (1993) from University of Twente, the Netherlands and DSc (2008) from University of Warsaw, Poland. She is currently professor at the Faculty of Chemistry at the University of Warsaw and leader of the group "Materials for Biosensors" at the Biological and Chemical Research Centre of University of Warsaw. Her research interests include design and studies of surfaces, materials and nanostructures that can be used as matrices for deposition of enzymes; electrocatalytic properties of hybrid materials comprising graphene oxide, nanostructures of conductive polymers, supramolecular polymeric gels and metallic nanostructures as well as SERS applications of graphene oxide. She has authored more than 70 publications cited over 1300 times (H-factor =21).

This unique multidisciplinary 8-volume set focuses on the emerging issues concerning graphene materials and provides a shared platform for both researcher and industry.

Since the pioneering work of Geim and Novoselov, numerous articles have been published on the physicochemical properties of graphene. Methods for synthesizing graphene in large quantities are still a subject of extensive research. The search for novel applications of graphene has also received a great deal of attention. The high conductivity, large surface-area-to-volume ratio, and fascinating optical properties combined with excellent biocompatibility make graphene a remarkable candidate for application in biosensors.

Related materials like graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are receiving increasing interest due to the abundance of surface groups, which can be utilized for the attachment of biospecies. Thanks to the chemical flexibility of the physical properties of these groups, like hydrophobicity or fluorescence of RGO, materials can be tuned to obtain optimal values for biosensor applications. All the properties of graphene, GO, and RGO are described in this book, which addresses many aspects relevant to the design of biosensors for application in a variety of fields ranging from clinical testing, environmental monitoring, and agriculture, to food analysis and quality control.

This volume 6 of Handbook of Graphene is devoted to Biosensors and Advanced Sensors. It comprises 26 chapters from internationally recognized researchers. Some of the important topics include but not limited to: Graphene for electrochemical biosensors applications in biomedical, agro-defense, pesticides; reduced graphene oxide for biosensing and electrocatalytic applications; electrochemical biosensor-based on green synthesized graphene and graphene nanocomposites; graphene-based nanomaterials; graphene-based fiber optic label-free biosensor; label-free biosensors based on graphene; graphene molecules as platforms for sers detection; graphene-based electrochemical aptasensors; self-organized 3D graphene as a robust sensing platform; interactions of molecular species with graphene and graphene sensing; self-assembled thin films of graphene materials for sensors; graphene and graphene nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensors; controlling the electromagnetic and electrochemical sensing properties of graphenes via heteroatom doping; finite element analysis of graphene materials; quantitative real-time evaluation of c/o ratios and stepwise control of deoxidization of graphene oxide using plasmonic-based electrochemical spectroscopy.

Audience

This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in the field of advanced materials and graphene in particular, who are currently investigating the fundamental properties of this material and its applications in micro- and nanotechnologies.