Engineered Nanoparticles and the Environment

Details the source, release, exposure, adsorption, aggregation, bioavailability, transport, transformation, and modeling of engineered nanoparticles found in many common products and applications

• Covers synthesis, environmental application, detection, and characterization of engineered nanoparticles
• Details the toxicity and risk assessment of engineered nanoparticles
• Includes topics on the transport, transformation, and modeling of engineered nanoparticles
• Presents the latest developments and knowledge of engineered nanoparticles
• Written by world leading experts from prestigious universities and companies

SERIES PREFACE vii

PREFACE ix

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xi

PART 1 SYNTHESIS, ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION, DETECTION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES 1

1 Challenges Facing the Environmental Nanotechnology Research Enterprise 3
Stacey M. Louie, Amy L. Dale, Elizabeth A. Casman, and Gregory V. Lowry

2 Engineered Nanoparticles for Water Treatment Application 20
Jeehye Byun and Cafer T. Yavuz

3 Mass Spectrometric Methods for Investigating the Influence of Surface Chemistry on the Fate of Core–Shell Nanoparticles in Biological and Environmental Samples 31
Sukru Gokhan Elci, Alyssa L. M. Marsico, Yuqing Xing, Bo Yan, and Richard W. Vachet

4 Separation and Analysis of Nanoparticles (NP) in Aqueous Environmental Samples 53
Ralf Kaegi

5 Nanocatalysts for Groundwater Remediation 75
Kimberly N. Heck, Lori A. Pretzer, and Michael S. Wong

PART 2 ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASE, PROCESSES, AND MODELING OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES 93

6 Properties, Sources, Pathways, and Fate of Nanoparticles in the Environment 95
Yon Ju-Nam and Jamie Lead

7 Environmental Exposure Modeling Methods for Engineered Nanomaterials 118
Niall J. O’Brien and Enda J. Cummins

8 Aggregation Kinetics and Fractal Dimensions of Nanomaterials in Environmental Systems 139
Navid B. Saleh, A. R. M. Nabiul Afrooz, Nirupam Aich, and Jaime Plazas-Tuttle

9 Adsorption of Organic Compounds by Engineered Nanoparticles 160
Bo Pan and Baoshan Xing

10 Sorption of Heavy Metals by Engineered Nanomaterials 182
Gangfen Miao, Kun Yang, and Daohui Lin

11 Emission, Transformation, and Fate of Nanoparticles in the Atmosphere 205
Prashant Kumar and Abdullah N. Al-Dabbous

12 Nanoparticle Aggregation and Deposition in Porous Media 224
Yao Xiao and Mark R. Wiesner

13 Interfacial Charge Transfers of Surface-Modified TiO2 Nanoparticles in Photocatalytic Water Treatment 245
Hyunwoong Park

14 Chemical Transformations of Metal, Metal Oxide, and Metal Chalcogenide Nanoparticles in the Environment 261
Thomas R. Kuech, Robert J. Hamers, and Joel A. Pedersen

PART 3 TOXICITY OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES AND RISK ASSESSMENT 293

15 Fate, Behavior, and Biophysical Modeling of Nanoparticles in Living Systems 295
Emppu Salonen, Feng Ding, and Pu Chun Ke

16 Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Study in RatsWith Carbon Nanofibers: Need for Establishing a Weight-of-Evidence Approach for Setting no Observed Adverse Effect Levels (NOAELs) 314
David B. Warheit, Ken L. Reed, and Michael P. DeLorme

17 Toxicity of Manufactured Nanomaterials to Microorganisms 320
Yuan Ge, Allison M. Horst, Junyeol Kim, John H. Priester, Zoe S. Welch, and Patricia A. Holden

18 Toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles to Fish 347
Wei Liu, Yanmin Long, Nuoya Yin, Xingchen Zhao, Cheng Sun, Qunfang Zhou, and Guibin Jiang

19 Toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles to Aquatic Invertebrates 367
Denisa Cupi, Sara N. Sørensen, Lars M. Skjolding, and Anders Baun

20 Effects and Uptake of Nanoparticles in Plants 386
Arnab Mukherjee, Jose R. Peralta-Videa, Jorge Gardea-Torresdey, and Jason C. White

21 Feasibility and Challenges of Human Health Risk Assessment for Engineered Nanomaterials 409
Karin Aschberger, Frans M. Christensen, Kirsten Rasmussen, and Keld A. Jensen

22 Ecotoxicological Risk of Engineered Nanomaterials (ENMs) for the Health of the Marine Environment 442
Xiaoshan Zhu, Shengyan Tian, Chao Wang, Lihong Zhao, Jin Zhou, and Zhonghua Cai

INDEX 475

Baoshan Xing is Professor of Environmental and Soil Chemistry in Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he has been actively involved in teaching and research since 1996. Dr. Xing received his PhD from the University of Alberta, Canada, in 1994. His research work ranks in the top 1% of cited authors for journals in environmental sciences and ecology.

Chad Vecitis is an Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering (since 2010) in the Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University. He received his PhD from Caltech in 2009. Along with students and colleagues, he has published over 25 refereed articles. He has been invited to present his research results at many universities and institutions.

Nicola Senesi is Professor Emeritus of Soil Chemistry and was Head of the Department of Agroforestal and Environmental Biology and Chemistry of the University of Bari, Bari, Italy, where he has been actively involved in research and teaching (as research assistant, assistant professor, and associate professor) since 1969. He was conferred a Doctorate Honoris Causa by the Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, France, in 2000.

Details the source, release, exposure, bioavailability, transport, transformation, and modeling of engineered nanoparticles found in many common products and applications

Engineered nanoparticles are found in an increasing number of consumers products (such as lotions, shampoos, socks, paints, and toys) and applications (e.g., biomedical, electronic, and environmental) due to the rapid development and implementation of nanotechnology. Due to their anticipated high-volume production and widespread use, engineered nanoparticles will be unavoidably introduced into the environment during intentional application, accidental release, and disposal at the end of the life-cycle of products containing engineered nanoparticles.

Engineered Nanoparticles and the Environment: Biophysicochemical Processes and Toxicity provides the latest information and critical evaluation by the world-leading scientists on biophysico-chemical processes and toxicity of engineered nanoparticles in the environment. It details the source, release, exposure, adsorption, bioavailability, transport, transformation, and modeling of engineered nanoparticles which are found in many common products and applications.

Engineered Nanoparticles and the Environment features:

• Synthesis, environmental application, detection and characterization of engineered nanoparticles
• Toxicity and risk assessment of engineered nanoparticles
• Topics on the adsorption, aggregation, transport, transformation, and modeling of engineered nanoparticles
• Latest information and critical evaluation of engineered nanoparticles

This book provides an advanced treatise on the subject matter and a unique addition to the scientific literature for both research and education in this extremely important and exciting area of science.