Chromium in the Natural and Human Environments

Provides a comprehensive chemical and biochemical treatment on the effects of chromium in the environment and in man. Such an integrated treatment of the chemical and biochemical aspects of chromium is novel and has not appeared in the published literature. Reviews the information on global cycling and environmental occurrence of chromium compounds, which defines the extent of the environmental and toxicological concern. The treatment of chromium chemistry provides the basis for toxicological models of chromium hypersensitivity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and toxicokinetics. Chapters contain graphical representations of the voluminous mutagenicity and animal carcinogenicity data according to chromium compound type, and a tabular summary of all published epidemiological data, broken down according to industry. Also covers clinical patterns, prognosis, pathogenesis, prophylaxis, and environmental and biological monitoring. Historical Perspectives (J. Nriagu).

Biological Chemistry of Chromium (E. Nieboer & A. Jusys).

Production and Uses of Chromium (J. Nriagu).

Atmospheric Emissions of Chromium from Natural and AnthropogenicSources (J. Pacyna & J. Nriagu).

Distribution and Characteristic Features of Chromium in theAtmosphere (J. Nriagu, et al.).

Geochemistry of Chromium in the Oceans (L. Mayer).

Occurrence and Distribution of Chromium in Natural Waters of India(B. Handa).

Chromium Contamination of Groundwater (L. Calder).

Chromium Removal from Industrial Wastewaters (S. Beszedits).

Mobility and Bioavailability of Chromium in Soils (R. Bartlett& B. James).

Chromium Toxicity to Algae and Bacteria (P. Wong & J.Trevors).

The Significance of the Interactions of Chromium and Bacteria inAquatic Habitats (M. Loutit, et al.).

Chromium Toxicity: Effects of Microogranisms with Special Referenceto the Soil Matrix (R. Coleman).

Genetic Approaches in the Study of Chromium Toxicity and Resistancein Yeast and Bacteria (B.-I.

Ono).

The Toxicity of Chromium to Fish (D. Holdway) Mutagenic and OtherGenotoxic Effects of Chromium Compounds (E. Nieboer & S.Shaw).

Carcinogenicity of Chromium Compounds (A. Yassi & E.Nieboer).

Chromium Hypersensitivity (A. Haines & E. Nieboer).

Other Health Effects of Chromium Compounds (E. Nieboer & A.Yassi).

Index.

JEROME O. NRIAGU is Professor in the Department of Environmental and Industrial Health, School of Public Health, the University of Michigan, and an adjunct professor at the University of Waterloo. For many years he was a research scientist with the National Water Research Institute, Burlington, Ontario. He is the editor of the Wiley Series in Advances in Environmental Science and Technology and has edited, among many other volumes, Nickel and Human Health, Arsenic in the Environment, and Thallium in the Environment. Dr. Nriagu received BSc and DSc degrees from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, an MS from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and a PhD in geochemistry from the University of Toronto. He has published extensively in leading geochemical and environmental science journals and has received a number of awards for his work. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.

MILAGROS S. SIMMONS is a professor in the Department of Environmental and Industrial Health, School of Public Health, the University of Michigan, and an associate research chemist at the Center for Great Lakes Research at the University of Michigan. She is a coeditor of Food Contamination from Environmental Sources and Toxic Contaminants in the Great Lakes. She is a member of the American Chemical Society, Inter: American Chemical Society, Inter: American Photochemical Society, and the Society of Toxicology and Environmental Chemistry. Dr. Simmons received her BSc in chemistry from the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, the Philippines, and her MS and PhD in chemistry from Wayne State University. She has published extensively in the area of environmental photochemistry, the fate and effects of organic pollutants, and environmental analytical chemistry.