Chemical Sensors and Biosensors

Technological needs for chemical, ionic and biological species detection are giving rise to continuous research and development in physico-chemistry and biology. The constant progress being made in the theoretical and technological aspects concerning studies and developments of chemical sensors, biosensors and biochips is presented in this book by different scientists and professors from different universities and constitutes an updating of the state of the art for chemical sensors, biosensors and biochips.

This book places a large emphasis on interaction between chemical and biological species, in a gaseous or liquid state, and details mineral and biological materials acting as sensitive elements. The role of electrical, electrochemical, piezoelectric and optical transducers in detection mechanisms are presented through their developments and from a performance point-of-view. Micro-reactors, nanotechnologies and flexible substrates, are considered in relation to their role in neural networks.

Preface xv

Chapter 1. Chemical and Biological Recognition 1
Nicole JAFFREZIC-RENAULT

Chapter 2. Adsorption Phenomena 27
René LALAUZE

Chapter 3. Microcantilever Transduction 49
Isabelle DUFOUR

Chapter 4. Piezoelectric Transduction (QCM) 71
Hubert PERROT

Chapter 5. Metal Oxide Gas Sensors 93
Christophe PIJOLAT

Chapter 6. Molecular Material-based Conductimetric Gas Sensors 127
Marcel BOUVET

Chapter 7. Responses and Electrical Properties of Gas Microsensors 143
Khalifa AGUIR

Chapter 8. Gas Microsensor Technology 175
Philippe MENINI

Chapter 9. Multisensors: Measurements and Behavior Models 211
Philippe BREUIL

Chapter 10. Development of Microtechnologies for the Realization of Chemical, Biochemical and/or Biological Microsensors 235
Pierre TEMPLE-BOYER

Chapter 11. Development of Micro-preconcentrators for the Detection of Gaseous Species at Trace Level 261
Jean-Paul VIRICELLE

Chapter 12. Microfluidics: Manipulation of Nanovolume Samples 293
Louis RENAUD

Chapter 13. Electrochemical Biosensors 313
Chantal GONDRAN

Chapter 14. Fiber-optic Biosensors 335
Neso SOJIC

Chapter 15. In Vivo Analyses with Electrochemical Microsensors 353
Stéphane ARBAULT

Chapter 16. Microbial Biosensors for Environmental Applications 373
Gérald THOUAND and Marie José DURAND

Chapter 17. Biofuel Cells 409
Serge COSNIER

List of Authors 425

Index 427

René Lalauze is Professor at Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint Etienne, France. His topics of interest focus on physico-chemistry, aspects of solid–gas interactions. He contributes towards the development of theoretical models and industrial prototypes for several gas sensors. He has been a director of a teaching and research department of the Ecole des Mines de Saint Etienne and director of a CNRS research unit.