A Companion to the History of the Middle East

A Companion to the History of the Middle East offers a fresh account of the multifaceted and multi-layered history of this region.

• A fresh account of the multifaceted and multi-layered history of the Middle East
• Comprises 26 newly-commissioned essays by leading international scholars
• Primarily focused on the modern and contemporary periods
• Covers religious, social, cultural, economic, political and military history
• Treats the region as four differentiated political units – Iran, Turkey, Israel and the Arab world
• Includes a section on current issues, such as oil, urban growth, the role of women, and democratic human rights

List of Illustrations viii

List of Maps ix

List of Tables x

Notes on Contributors xi

Preface and Acknowledgments xv

Introduction 1
Youssef M. Choueiri

PART I THE FORMATIVE PERIOD OF ISLAM

1 The Rise of Islam 9
Gerald R. Hawting

2 The Islamic Conquests 28
Fred M. Donner

3 The Caliphate 52
Hugh Kennedy

PART II CULTURAL TRADITIONS AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE

4 The "Ulama" : Status and Function 71
Zouhair Ghazzal

5 Shi'ism 87
Robert Gleave

6 Historiography of Sufi Studies in the West 106
Alexander Knysh

PART III IMPERIAL STRUCTURES AND DYNASTIC RULE

7 Military Patronage States and the Political Economy of the Frontier, 1000–1250 135
Michael Chamberlain

8 The Mamluk Institution 154
P. M. Holt

9 North Africa: State and Society, 1056–1659 170
Michael Brett

PART IV A NEW MIDDLE EASTERN SYSTEM

10 Ottomans and Safavids: States, Statecraft, and Societies, 1500–1800 191
Metin Kunt

11 Urban Life and Middle Eastern Cities: The Traditional Arab City 207
André Raymond (translated James McDougall)

PART V THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE NEW WORLD ORDER

12 A Different Balance of Power: Europe and the Middle East in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 229
Abdul-Karim Rafeq

13 Colonialism, the Ottomans, the Qajars, and the Struggle for Independence: The Arab World, Turkey, and Iran 248
Peter Sluglett

PART VI INDEPENDENCE AND NATION BUILDING

14 Zionism and the Palestine Question 269
Emma C. Murphy

15 Nationalisms in the Middle East: The Case of Pan-Arabism 291
Youssef M. Choueiri

16 Turkish and Iranian Nationalisms 313
Ioannis N. Grigoriadis and Ali M. Ansari

17 Political Parties and Trade Unions 334
Raymond Hinnebusch

18 Political Life and the Military 355
Gareth Stansfield

19 Political Economy: From Modernization to Globalization 372
Simon Murden

PART VII MODERN ISSUES AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES

20 Islamic Urbanism, Urbanites, and the Middle Eastern City 393
Michael E. Bonine

21 Oil and Development 407
Paul Stevens

22 Modernizing Women in the Middle East 425
Valentine M. Moghadam

23 Politics and Religion 444
Beverley Milton-Edwards

24 Ethnonational Minorities in the Middle East: Berbers, Kurds, and Palestinians 462
Lise Storm

25 Civil Society in the Middle East 486
Tim Niblock

26 The States-system in the Middle East: Origins, Development, and Prospects 504
Simon Bromley

Bibliography 534

Index 582

?Conceived with the most recent scholarly efforts in mind this Companion to the History of the Middle East includes a balanced collection of essays on subjects from the early Islamic to the contemporary periods covering the Arab World, Iran, Turkey and Israel.? (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies , May 2009)

"Youssef M. Choueiri is to be admired for assembling a group of contributors with genuine expertise in their respective fields and producing a lively and interesting collection of essays dealing with Middle East history from the rise of Islam to the present. General readers will be provided with a stimulating introduction to some key issues in Middle East history." History

"Few books could cover the range of topics presented here and even fewer shed so much light on the complexities associated with the birth of the modern Middle East. One can almost feel the wisdom of the contributing authors, and must acknowledge the success of Youssef Choueiri's strategy of making this much more than a history book." Journal of Islamic Studies

"[A] worthy volume. It is recommended for both specialist collections ... as well as for its natural home, the academic library." Reference Reviews

Youssef M. Choueiri is Reader in Islamic Studies at the University of Manchester. He has lectured on Middle Eastern history in the US and Australia, as well as in the UK. His previous publications include Islamic Fundamentalism (1997), Arab Nationalism (Blackwell Publishing, 2000), and Modern Arab Historiography (2003). A Companion to the History of the Middle East offers a fresh account of the multifaceted and multi-layered history of this region.

Comprising 26 newly commissioned essays by leading international scholars, this companion treats the Middle East as four differentiated political units – Iran, Turkey, Israel, and the Arab world. While focused primarily on the modern and contemporary periods, it also includes a number of chapters on classical and pre-modern themes. Topics are situated within a chronological framework and include the rise of Islam, the militarization of Islam under a wide variety of dynasties, the commercial and industrial revolutions, colonial rule, and the struggle for independence.

A final section highlights issues that have preoccupied historians in the second half of the twentieth century, and are most likely to gain momentum well into the twenty-first. These range from oil and urban growth to the role of women and democratic human rights.